Harnessing the power of exosomes for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of hematological malignancies.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles of endocytic origin released by various cell types. They consist of lipid bilayers containing macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, microRNAs, growth factors, cytokines, and carbohydrates. Exosomes play a critical role in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases.

Repeated Administration of Orexin into the Thalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Inhibits the Development of Morphine-Induced Analgesia.

Background: Hypothalamic neuropeptides, orexins, play pivotal roles in nociception and pain modulation.

Objective: In this study, we investigated the effect of the administration of orexin into the paraventricular nucleus (PVT) on the development of morphine-induced analgesia in rats.

Method: Male Wistar rats weighing 250-300g received subcutaneous (s.

Endometrial and follicular development following letrozole intervention in unexplained infertile patients failed to get pregnant with clomiphene citrate.

Purpose: This study is designed to evaluate and compare follicular phase parameters during ovarian stimulation with the clomiphene citrate (CC) and letrozole (LET) in unexplained infertile patients who failed to get pregnant following frequent CC-treated cycles.

Methods: A total of 64 unexplained infertile women who failed to get pregnant following frequent CC-treated cycles were studied for one CC-treated cycle (100 mg/day), 2 washout cycles, and then 1 LET-treated cycle (5 mg/day). Number of follicles over 14 mm in diameter, diameter of the largest follicles, endometrial thickness, serum estradiol (E2) and LH levels were measured when one mature follicle over 18 mm in diameter detected during transvaginal ultrasonography.

Serendipitous diagnosis of aortic coarctation by bilateral parvus et tardus renal Doppler flow pattern.

Background: Aorta Coarctation (AC) is uncommon condition that in most adult patients is asymptomatic. Diagnosis of AC is made during routine physical examination by detection of Blood Pressure (BP) difference between arm and leg.

Aim: To describe a novel renal artery Doppler flow pattern pathognomonic of aortic coarctation.