CRISPR/Cas System: A Powerful Strategy to Improve Monogenic Human Diseases as Therapeutic Delivery; Current Applications and Challenges.

The 5,000 to 8,000 monogenic diseases are inherited disorders leading to mutations in a single gene. These diseases usually appear in childhood and sometimes lead to morbidity or premature death. Although treatments for such diseases exist, gene therapy is considered an effective and targeted method and has been used in clinics for monogenic diseases since 1989.

Deciphering Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, Pathogenesis and Drug Repurposing through Systems Biology.

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a major health problem caused by an intracellular pathogen of the genus Leishmania. CL results in morphologically distinct skin injuries, ranging from nodules to plaques and ulcers, which persist as a recuperating incessant injury depending on the type of contaminating parasite. There is still no effective treatment to reduce the skin lesions in patients infected with CL.

Deciphering the similarities and disparities of molecular mechanisms behind respiratory epithelium response to HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 and drug repurposing, a systems biology approach.

Purpose: Identifying the molecular mechanisms behind SARS-CoV-2 disparities and similarities will help find new treatments. The present study determines networks' shared and non-shared (specific) crucial elements in response to HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 viruses to recommend candidate medications.

Methods: We retrieved the omics data on respiratory cells infected with HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, constructed PPIN and GRN, and detected clusters and motifs.

Exosomes as modulators of embryo implantation.

Exosomes, known as extracellular vehicles (EVs), are found in biological fluids. They have the capability to carry and transfer signaling molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, facilitating intercellular communication and regulating the gene expression profile in target cells. EVs have the potential to be used as biomarkers in diagnosis, prognosis and also as feasible therapeutic targets.

Identification of Renal Transplantation Rejection Biomarkers in Blood Using the Systems Biology Approach.

Background: Renal transplantation plays an essential role in the quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease. At least 12% of the renal patients receiving transplantations show graft rejection. One of the methods used to diagnose renal transplantation rejection is renal allograft biopsy.

Bilateral localized bullous pemphigoid in a young adult patient: A case report.

Bullous pemphigoid is the most common autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease, which typically presents in the elderly. Localized bullous pemphigoid is a rare variant of bullous pemphigoid, with only about 100 cases reported up to date. In this report, we describe a 32-year-old healthy male patient with bilateral hemorrhagic bullae and erosive lesions limited to the lower extremities.

Identification of Critical Molecular Factors and Side Effects Underlying the Response to Thalicthuberine in Prostate Cancer: A Systems Biology Approach.

Background: Uncontrolled mitosis of cancer cells and resistance cells to chemotherapy drugs are the challenges of prostate cancer. Thalicthuberine causes a mitotic arrest and a reduction of the effects of drug resistance, resulting in cell death. In this study, we applied bioinformatics and computational biology methods to identify functional pathways and side effects in response to Thalicthuberine in prostate cancer patients.

Applicability of glucocorticoid toxicity index in pemphigus: Comparison between two groups of rituximab-treated and rituximab-naïve patients.

Rituximab (RTX) combined with short-term glucocorticoids (GC) is an effective therapeutic option for pemphigus. The newly developed Glucocorticoid Toxicity Index (GTI) tool provides the possibility to measure GC toxicities over time. To compare 1-year GTI between two groups of RTX-treated and RTX-naïve patients with pemphigus.

Molecular evaluation of hepatitis B virus infection and predominant mutations of pre-core, basal core promoter and S regions in an Iranian population with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case-control study.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, genotypic patterns, and predominant mutations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among diabetic patients.

Methods: Serum samples were obtained from 733 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 782 non-diabetic controls. The presence of HBsAg and HBcAb was determined by ELISA.

COVID-19: A systematic review and update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Since the rapid onset of the COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the world in 2019, extensive studies have been conducted to unveil the behavior and emission pattern of the virus in order to determine the best ways to diagnosis of virus and thereof formulate effective drugs or vaccines to combat the disease. The emergence of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques considering the multiplicity of reports from one side and contradictions in assessments from the other side necessitates instantaneous updates on the progress of clinical investigations. There is also growing public anxiety from time to time mutation of COVID-19, as reflected in considerable mortality and transmission, respectively, from delta and Omicron variants.

The pro-convulsant effects of diazinon low dose in male rats under amygdala kindling.

Organophosphates can damage the brain in systemic intoxication. In this study, the effects of a minimum toxic dose (MTD) of diazinon (DZ) on amygdala afterdischarge threshold (ADT), kindling acquisition and kindled seizure parameters were evaluated. Intact male rats were stereotactically implanted with a tripolar and two monopolar electrodes in the amygdala and dura respectively.

Natural antisense RNAs as mRNA regulatory elements in bacteria: a review on function and applications.

Naturally occurring antisense RNAs are small, diffusible, untranslated transcripts that pair to target RNAs at specific regions of complementarity to control their biological function by regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. This review focuses on known cases of antisense RNA control in prokaryotes and provides an overview of some natural RNA-based mechanisms that bacteria use to modulate gene expression, such as mRNA sensors, riboswitches and antisense RNAs. We also highlight recent advances in RNA-based technology.

A Possible Non-genomic Epileptogenic Properties of Estradiol Attenuated by MK801 and DNQX in Amygdala Kindled Rats.

Although the epileptogenic properties of estrogens have been widely demonstrated in several models and species, the mechanism(s) by which estrogens can acutely change seizure parameters including after discharge and seizure durationremains to be determined. In the present study, we examined the role of NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate), non-NMDA andestrogen receptors in estradiol benzoate(EB) effects on kindled seizure parameters. Different groups of fully kindled male rats received either EB (30 μg /Kg); EB plus MK801 (2 mg/Kg, as NMDA antagonist); DNQX (7.