Depression is associated with the nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: A comparative analysis.

Background And Aims: The nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD) and their potential role in early diagnosis are recent debates. Herein, we aimed to investigate the association between depression and NMS of PD including sleep disorders, hyposexuality, hyposmia, constipation, and orthostatic hypotension.

Methods: A total of 93 PD patients with depression and 67 PD patients without depression were included in the study, and NMS were compared between the two groups.

Comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder in a sample of inpatients bipolar disorder in Iran.

Backgrounds: The study of the relationship between adult Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and bipolar disorder has received more attention in recent years and there is limited information in this area. On the other hand, there is a significant comorbidity between ADHD and bipolar disorder with substance use disorder. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of comorbidity of adult ADHD and substance use disorder among a group of bipolar patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital.

Measurement of Post-Treatment Changes in Brain Metabolites in Patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Background: From previous studies, we know the correlations of some brain metabolites with a generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and its symptoms. The response of GAD patients to various treatments is not the same and finding the best treatment option for each patient takes a long period of time.

Objective: In this study, we try to examine if there is any relationship between a special treatment option and GAD patients' response and brain metabolite correlation with anxiety level change.

Pregnenolone as an adjunct to risperidone for treatment of women with schizophrenia: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial.

There have been few studies of pregnenolone therapy in schizophrenia and those that exist have been subject to several critical limitations, thus yielding inconsistent results. We attempted to assess the therapeutic effect of pregnenolone in a patient sample as homogeneous as possible. In this randomized double-blind clinical trial, 82 female inpatients with chronic schizophrenia, who had discontinued their antipsychotic medications for at least one week in case of any oral antipsychotic medication or a month for any depot antipsychotic medication, received risperidone plus either pregnenolone (50 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks.

Minocycline combination therapy with fluvoxamine in moderate-to-severe obsessive-compulsive disorder: A placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial.

Aim: Several lines of evidence implicate glutamatergic dysfunction in the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), presenting this neurotransmitter as a target for the development of novel pharmacotherapy. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of minocycline as an augmentative agent to fluvoxamine in the treatment of patients with OCD.

Methods: One hundred and two patients with the diagnosis of moderate-to-severe OCD were recruited to this study.

Correlation of neurological soft signs and neurocognitive performance in first episode psychosis.

Neurological soft signs and neurocognitive impairments are commonly observed in first episode psychosis but the correlation of these factors remains controversial. Here, we evaluated 30 patients with remitted first episode psychosis and 30 healthy controls for the presence and severity of neurological soft signs (using the Neurological Evaluation Scale--NES) and for neurocognitive impairments (using seven subtests of the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery--CANTAB). NES score was higher in patients compared to controls.

Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia: ploypharmacy approaches.

Schizophrenia is a debilitating illness, rating as one of the leading causes of lost years of quality of life. The illness imposes a disproportionate burden on patients and their families, healthcare systems and society. Pharmacological management is the cornerstone of treatment of schizophrenia, and antipsychotics, both first generation of antipsychotics and second generation of antipsychotics, are efficacious in reducing levels of psychopathology in acute episodes of schizophrenia.

A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial of modafinil in children and adolescents with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder in childhood, with an estimated prevalence worldwide of 7%-17% among school-aged children. Modafinil is a centrally acting agent that is structurally and pharmacologically different from stimulants such as amphetamine and methylphenidate. It has been reported that modafinil is effective in diminishing the symptoms of ADHD.