Evaluation of and in infertile women compared to pregnant women.

Infertility is one of the major health problems of patients suffering from bacterial infections. Given the high percentage of infertility, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of , and in fertile and infertile women. In the prospective study, 65 infertile patients and 54 pregnant women referred to Mahdieh Hospital in Tehran were included.

Association of specific haplotype of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β polymorphisms with infection and gastric carcinogenesis.

Introduction: The infection and cytokine-mediated inflammatory responses play significant roles in the pathogenesis of gastric cancer (GC). This study was performed to determine the association between the risk of GC and genetic polymorphisms in interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α).

Methods: The polymorphisms of IL-1β and TNF-α genes were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 290 patients who underwent endoscopy.