Prevalence of postural musculoskeletal symptoms among dental students in United Arab Emirates.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of neck, shoulder, and low-back pain and to examine factors associated with musculoskeletal pain (MSP) among dental students at Ajman University and Ras Al Khaimah College of Dental Sciences in United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students using an online questionnaire, which was a modified version of the Standardized Nordic questionnaire, focused on neck, shoulder and low-back pain in the past week and the past year.

Results: A total of two hundred and two dental students (out of 368) responded to the questionnaire.

A hypothetic role of minocycline as a neuroprotective agent against methylphenidate-induced neuronal mitochondrial dysfunction and tau protein hyper-phosphorylation: Possible role of PI3/Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway.

The underlining mechanism in neural mitochondrial dysfunction and consequences neurotoxicity, and cognitive behavior after methylphenidate (MPH) prolonged uses is unclear and proposing of therapeutic approaches for treatment of these types of neurotoxicity is one of the main goals of scientist in this manner. MPH-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in neural cells caused induction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and cognition impairment, which leads to neurotoxicity, was reported previously but role of key neural cells proteins and involved signaling pathway in this manner remained indeterminate. Tau protein aggregation is a biomarker for mitochondrial dysfunction, neurodegenerative event and cognition impairment.