Health and economic impacts of ambient air particulate matter (PM) in Karaj city from 2012 to 2019 using BenMAP-CE.

The present study aims to estimate the effects of PM on the health and economy of Karaj city from 2012 to 2019. In this study, mortality attributed to long-term exposure to PM and its spatial distribution in Karaj over the 2012-2019 period were estimated using the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM) concentration-response function and BenMAP software. PM hourly concentration data of air quality monitoring stations were used to estimate PM for the whole city of Karaj.