The effects of cold compress and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the pain associated with chest tube removal among patients with coronary bypass grafting.

Background And Aim: Chest tube removal (CTR) can cause severe acute pain which is usually described by patients as a painful experience. This study compared the effects of cold compress, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), and combined cold compress-TENS on CTR-associated pain among patients with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted in 2018-2019 using a double-blind four-group design.

Combined Blockade Of PD-1 and TIGIT is not Sufficient to Improve the Function Of CD8+ T-Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

Background And Objective: Blockade of immune checkpoint receptors in the treatment of cancers has been mentioned in several studies. Here, we investigated the efficacy of combined blockade of two inhibitory receptors, PD-1 and TIGIT, in restoring functional features of CD8+ T-cells in CLL.

Methods: CD8+ T-cells were separated from the peripheral blood of 11 CLL patients and targeted with malignant B-cells isolated from the same patients.