Efficacy and Safety of Allopurinol on Chronic Kidney Disease Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Hyperuricemia is associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether urate-lowering treatment with allopurinol can delay disease progression remains controversial.

Methods: Relevant databases were searched.

Effect of Prunus cerasus (Sour Cherry) on Nephrolithiasis in Children: The First Noninferiority Two-Arm Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective:  The present study evaluated the effect of Prunus cerasus (sour cherry) on children with nephrolithiasis.

Method:  We conducted a randomized noninferiority controlled trial to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of P. cerasus among children with nephrolithiasis.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Rituximab-Associated Infections Among Children and Adolescents With Glomerular Disease: Focus on the Risk of Infections.

Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore rituximab (RTX) associated infectious complications in children with glomerular disease.

Methods: We performed an electronic search of PubMed, International Scientific Information (ISI), Scopus, and EMBASE between January 2010 and July 2021. Infection rates and total drug-related adverse events were the outcomes.

Validity of the Adrogué-Madias Formula for the Management of Acute Dysnatremias in Critically Ill Children: A Prospective Multicenter Analysis.

Objective: Current conventional formulas do not predict the expected changes in serum sodium after administration of various fluids to correct serum sodium abnormalities. The Adrogué-Madias formula is currently the preferred and widely used fluid prescription for adult patients with dysnatremias, but its therapeutic efficacy has not been validated in pediatric patients.

Methods: In this prospective study, we used the Adrogué-Madias formula for calculating the appropriate rate of various fluids administration to correct serum sodium abnormalities in 7 critically ill children with acute dysnatremias.

Revisiting the Management of Pediatric Kidney Transplants, A Multicenter Analysis.

The newest Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guideline recommendations were investigated mainly for the care of adult kidney transplant recipients, but no guideline exists for the management of pediatric transplant recipients. This review provides update recommendations in the management of pediatric kidney transplantation. Four electronic databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Web of Science were searched systematically for the last two decades, using Mesh terms in English language.

Chronic Kidney Disease in Iran: First Report of the National Registry in Children and Adolescences.

Purpose: Knowing the epidemiological aspects of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is crucial for early recognition, identification of reversible causes, and prognosis. Here, we report the epidemiological characteristics of childhood CKD in Iran.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted during 1991 - 2009.

Effect of allopurinol on the glomerular filtration rate of children with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Hyperuricemia is a leading risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that lowering serum uric acid (SUA) with allopurinol in hyperuricemic children with CKD may reduce the risk of CKD progression.

Methods: A total of 70 children, aged 3-15 years, with elevated serum uric acid level (SUA) > 5.

Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Children with Cancer.

Children with cancer treated with cytotoxic drugs are frequently at risk of developing renal dysfunction. The cytotoxic drugs that are widely used for cancer treatment in children are cisplatin (CPL), ifosfamide (IFO), carboplatin, and methotrexate (MTX). Mechanisms of anticancer drug-induced renal disorders are different and include acute kidney injury (AKI), tubulointerstitial disease, vascular damage, hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), and intrarenal obstruction.

Urine KIM-1 as a Potential Biomarker of Acute Renal Injury After Circulatory Collapse in Children.

Objectives: Serum creatinine (SCr) is a late marker of acute kidney injury (AKI) due to the lag time between initiating injury and loss of function. We assessed the ability of urinary interleukin-18 (IL-18), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) to predict AKI in critically ill children with circulatory collapse.

Methods: Serum creatinine, estimated creatinine clearance (eCrCL), urine IL-18, KIM-1, and NGAL values were measured in 86 children with circulatory collapse on the day of admission, and the results were compared with those obtained 6 days later.

Fontanel Size from Birth to 24 Months of Age in Iranian Children.

Objective: Diagnosis of abnormal fontanel size, a potential clue to recognition of different disorders, requires an understanding of the wide variation of normal fontanel size. The anterior fontanel is the largest, prominent and most important for clinical evaluation. The aim of this study was to establish and define normal range of fontanel size from birth to 24 months of age in healthy Iranian children that might be generalized to other populations.

Hypercalciuria following ceftriaxone a fact or myth.

Introduction: Nephrolithiasis is a common worldwide problem both in children and adults. Ceftriaxone as a widely used antibiotic can contribute to the formation of renal stones and hypercalciuria.

Objectives: To find the effect of ceftriaxone, a widely used antibiotic, on urinary calcium excretion rate in children.

Practical considerations to drug dosing in children with acute kidney injury.

Medication dosing for children with acute kidney injury (AKI) needs to be individualized based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles of the prescribed drugswhenever possible to optimize therapeutic outcome and to minimize toxicity. The pediatric RIFLE criteria should be prospectively utilized to identify patients at highest risk of developing AKI. Serum creatinine and urine output along with volume status should be utilized to guide drug dosing when urinary biomarkers including kidney injury molecule 1, interleukin-18, or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin are not readily available.

Sildenafil for the Treatment of Congenital Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus.

Background: Congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is characterized by massive polyuria and polydipsia due to defects in the vasopressin-sensitive signaling system expression of the acuaporin-2 (AQP2) water channel of the kidney collecting duct principal cells. Current conventional treatment regimen including hydration, diuretics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can only partially reduce polyuria. Recent experimental studies have suggested that treatment with sildenafil, a selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, may enhance cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated apical trafficking of AQP2 and may be effective in increasing water reabsorption in patients with congenital NDI.

Native nephrectomy prior to pediatric kidney transplantation: biological and clinical aspects.

Background: Pre-transplant nephrectomy is performed to reduce risks to graft and recipient. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) indications, surgical approach, and morbidity of native nephrectomy and (2) the effects of kidney removal on clinical and biological parameters.

Methods: This study was designed as a single-center retrospective cohort study in which 49 consecutive patients with uni- or bilateral native nephrectomies were identified from a total of 126 consecutive graft recipients in our pediatric kidney transplantation database between 1992 and 2011.