Autophagy, a critical element in the aging male reproductive disorders and prostate cancer: a therapeutic point of view.

Autophagy is a highly conserved, lysosome-dependent biological mechanism involved in the degradation and recycling of cellular components. There is growing evidence that autophagy is related to male reproductive biology, particularly spermatogenic and endocrinologic processes closely associated with male sexual and reproductive health. In recent decades, problems such as decreasing sperm count, erectile dysfunction, and infertility have worsened.

Chronic exposure to methadone impairs memory, induces microgliosis, astrogliosis and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of adult male rats.

Methadone is a centrally-acting synthetic opioid analgesic widely used in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) programs throughout the world. Given its neurotoxic effects, particularly on the hippocampus, this study aims to address the behavioral and histological alterations in the hippocampus associated with methadone administration. To do so, twenty-four adult male albino rats were randomized into two groups, methadone treatment and control.

An effective method for establishing animal models of azoospermia and oligospermia.

The current study aims to develop a validated animal model to predict successful spermatogenesis retrieval in azoospermia and oligospermia men. Thirty-two mice were equally divided into 4 groups: control, scrotal hyperthermia (15 times), scrotal hyperthermia group (10 times), scrotal hyperthermia group (5 times). In the scrotal hyperthermia groups, their scrotum exposed to water at a temperature of 43°C for 20 min every other day.

Ameliorating effects of curcumin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) on the mouse testis exposed to the transient hyperthermia: A molecular and stereological study.

Background: Testicular hyperthermia can have negative effects on male fertility. Despite reported therapeutic benefits of curcumin, several factors often limit its application such as low water solubility and instable structure. Curcumin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were designed to solve its limitation of use.

Supervisory predictive control for wheel slip prevention and tracking of desired speed profile in electric trains.

This article presents a supervisory model predictive control system to track the desired speed profile and simultaneously prevent the wheels from slipping in acceleration mode of electrical trains. The proposed control strategy employs field-oriented control (FOC) to control the angular speed of the wheel. Model predictive control (MPC) is used to control the longitudinal velocity of the train to track the desired speed profile and prevent the wheels from slipping by generating the desired angular velocity for the FOC.

Expression and localization of relaxin family peptide receptor 4 in human spermatozoa and impact of insulin-like peptide 5 on sperm functions.

Insulin-like peptide 5 (INSL5) is a member of the insulin superfamily peptide that interacts with the relaxin family peptide receptor 4 (RXFP4). Numerous recent studies have focused on the functional effects of INSL5 on fat and glucose metabolism. Although there is no evidence that the human sperm may be a candidate target of INSL5, it has been detected in mice testis and sperm.