Exosome-based strategies for diagnosis and therapy of glioma cancer.

Glioblastoma belongs to the most aggressive type of cancer with a low survival rate that is characterized by the ability in forming a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Intercellular communication are created via exosomes in the tumor microenvironment through the transport of various biomolecules. They are primarily involved in tumor growth, differentiation, metastasis, and chemotherapy or radiation resistance.

Fracture analysis of healthy and osteoporotic femora using clinical CT images, phantomless densitometry, and linear FE method.

Computational fracture analysis has become a growing branch of orthopedic research. Particularly, the associated methods provide reliable tools for the analysis of 3D CT-based models of bone. This paper reports the results of such analyses for 15 human femora (healthy and osteoporotic) under different loading orientations (85 different analysis cases).

Exosome application in tumorigenesis: diagnosis and treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma is the most aggressive of skin cancer derived from genetic mutations in the melanocytes. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical resection, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, immunotherapy, biochemotherapy, and targeted therapy. However, the efficiency of these strategies may be decreased due to the development of diverse resistance mechanisms.

A comparative study of 3D printing and heat-compressing methods for manufacturing the thermoplastic composite bone fixation plate: Design, characterization, and in vitro biomechanical experimentation.

Metallic bone fixations, due to their high rigidity, can cause long-term complications. To alleviate metallic biomaterials' drawbacks, in this research new Glass Fiber/Polypropylene (GF/PP) composite internal fixations were developed, and an investigation of their mechanical behavior was performed through in vitro biomechanical experiments. Short randomly oriented, long unidirectional prepreg, and long unidirectional fiber yarn were considered as reinforcements, and the effects on their mechanical properties of different manufacturing processes, that is, 3D printing and heat-compressing, were investigated.

Biomechanical evaluation of glass fiber/polypropylene composite bone fracture fixation plates: Experimental and numerical analysis.

Little is known about the impact behavior of composite fixation plate used in the fracture healing of long bones diaphysis. Hence, this study examined polypropylene composite fixation plates using different glass fibers and measured their biomechanical responses under axial impact loading experimentally and numerically. Short randomly oriented, long unidirectional prepregs and fiber yarn of glass were considered as reinforcements, and fixation plates were fabricated through two different heat-compressing and 3D printing processes.

Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics Study of the Reaction Mechanism of Glyoxalase I.

Glyoxalase I (GlxI) is a member of the glyoxalase system, which is important in cell detoxification and converts hemithioacetals of methylglyoxal (a cytotoxic byproduct of sugar metabolism that may react with DNA or proteins and introduce nucleic acid strand breaks, elevated mutation frequencies, and structural or functional changes of the proteins) and glutathione into d-lactate. GlxI accepts both the and enantiomers of hemithioacetal, but converts them to only the -d enantiomer of lactoylglutathione. Interestingly, the enzyme shows this unusual specificity with a rather symmetric active site (a Zn ion coordinated to two glutamate residues; Glu-99 and Glu-172), making the investigation of its reaction mechanism challenging.

European trends in radiology: investigating factors affecting the number of examinations and the effective dose.

The advances in technology have led to a growing trend in population exposure to radiation emerging from the invention of high-dose procedures. It is, for example, estimated that annually 1.2% of cancers are induced by radiological scans in Norway.

Linear and nonlinear analyses of femoral fractures: Computational/experimental study.

This paper describes two new methods for computational fracture analysis of human femur using Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) voxel-based finite element (FE) simulation. The paper also reports comprehensive mechanical testing for validation of the methods and evaluation of the required material properties. The analyses and tests were carried out on 15 human femurs under 11 different stance-type loading orientations.

A novel mechanism of heme degradation to biliverdin studied by QM/MM and QM calculations.

Heme degradation by heme oxygenase enzymes is important for maintaining iron homeostasis and prevention of oxidative stress. Previous studies have reported that heme degradation proceeds through three consecutive steps of O2 activation: the regiospecific self-hydroxylation of heme, the conversion of hydroxyheme to verdoheme and CO, and the cleavage of the verdoheme macrocycle to release biliverdin and free ferrous iron. Our results indicate that in the second step of heme degradation, not only verdoheme is generated but ring opening and biliverdin production also occur.

QM/MM Study of the Conversion of Oxophlorin into Verdoheme by Heme Oxygenase.

Heme oxygenase is an enzyme that degrades heme, thereby recycling iron in most organisms, including humans. Pervious density functional theory (DFT) calculations have suggested that iron(III) hydroxyheme, an intermediate generated in the first step of heme degradation by heme oxygenase, is converted to iron(III) superoxo oxophlorin in the presence of dioxygen. In this article, we have studied the detailed mechanism of conversion of iron(III) superoxo oxophlorin to verdoheme by using combined quantum mechanics and molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculations.

Evaluation of the effect of the chiral centers of Taxol on binding to β-tubulin: A docking and molecular dynamics simulation study.

Taxol is one of the most important anti-cancer drugs. The interaction between different variants of Taxol, by altering one of its chiral centers at a time, with β-tubulin protein has been investigated. To achieve such goal, docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation studies have been performed.

QCT-based failure analysis of proximal femurs under various loading orientations.

In this paper, the variations of the failure strength and pattern of human proximal femur with loading orientation were analysed using a novel quantitative computed tomography (QCT)-based linear finite element (FE) method. The QCT images of 4 fresh-frozen femurs were directly converted into voxel-based finite element models for the analyses of the failure loads and patterns. A new geometrical reference system was used for the alignment of the mechanical loads on the femoral head.

Diagnostic stability of psychiatric disorders in re-admitted psychiatric patients in Kerman, Iran.

Background: Several studies have evaluated the stability of psychiatric diagnosis follow in readmission of patients in psychiatric hospitals. However, there is little data concerning this matter from Iran. This study is designed to evaluate this diagnostic stability of the commonest psychiatric disorders in Iran.

Efficacy of Cisplatin-loaded poly butyl cyanoacrylate nanoparticles on the ovarian cancer: an in vitro study.

One of the main challenges of treatment of ovarian cancer is initial response to treatment and then acquisition of resistance to Cisplatin. Nanotechnology-based approaches are considered as one way to overcome drug resistance. In this study, the cytotoxicity effects of Cisplatin-loaded poly butyl cyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles (NPs) on the ovarian cancer cell line A2780cp resistant to Cisplatin were studied.

Cytotoxicity of liposomal Paclitaxel in breast cancer cell line mcf-7.

Regarding that the breast cancer is the most prevalent disease among women, paclitaxel, an anti-cancer drug, could be used in treatment of this disease. As paclitaxel has adverse effects, it was used of nanoliposome drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and improve drug efficacy. Certain ratios of phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and paclitaxel were synthesized to prepare nanoliposomal paclitaxel.

Drug delivery of hydroxyurea to breast cancer using liposomes.

It is clear that cancer is one of the most mortal diseases in the world and the most prevalent among women is breast cancer. As hydroxyurea (HU)-a drug which is used in chemotherapy-has many adverse effects in long-term despite of its therapeutic properties, we made use of nano drug delivery technology in order to reduce adverse effects and increase therapeutic index. Thus, liposomation is a novel way in drug delivery systems.