The effect of glucose on doxorubicin and human hemoglobin interaction: Characterization with spectroscopic techniques.

The application of doxorubicin (DOX), which is the most effective anticancer drug, is limited due to its cardiac toxicity. The study of DOX-hemoglobin (Hb) interaction has biochemical and toxicological importance. Understanding the Hb-DOX interaction in the presence of glucose (Glc), as the main blood sugar, can be advantageous for clinical implications.