Safety and Efficacy of Incentive Spirometer in Covid-19 Pneumonia; a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Various treatment protocols have been recommended since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and have gradually evolved. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of incentive spirometer exercise (ISE) in outcomes of hospitalized patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: A 3-month single-blind, two parallel-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted at Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Prognostic risk factors for early outcomes of patients with myelomeningocele: a prospective study.

Introduction: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a prevalent form of neural tube defect. Despite advancements in treatment, MMC still poses significant health risks, including complications leading to chronic disability and mortality. Identifying prognostic risk factors for early outcomes is crucial for tailored intervention strategies.