The Effect of Endometrial Cell Culture on and integrin Genes and Protein Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats at The Time of Implantation.

Objective: Given the prevalence of fertility problems in couples and the defect in embryo implantation as well as the low success rate of assisted reproductive techniques, it is necessary to investigate the causes of this phenomenon. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease with multiple effects on various organs as well as the endometrium. In this study, the effects of endometrial cell culture on the expression of and integrin genes and protein in type 2 diabetic rats were investigated.

Impact of Metformin and Pioglitazone on Serum Level of Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Lipid Profiles during Implantation Window in Diabetic Rats.

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate serum lipid profile and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-ɑ) level in diabetic rats at implantation time. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) could affect various systems, including innate immune system and it causes chronic low-grade inflammation, increasing level of TNF-ɑ. Furthermore, T2DM is often accompanied by impaired lipid profile.

Evaluation of Osteopontin Gene Expression in Endometrium of Diabetic Rat Models Treated with Metformin and Pioglitazone.

Background: Osteopontin () is one of the co-factors involved in cell adhesion and invasion during the implantation process. Several reports have shown expression changes in diabetic condition in several tissues. In addition, an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion is reported in diabetic women.