Prospective and challenges of locally applied repurposed pharmaceuticals for periodontal tissue regeneration.

Periodontitis is a persistent inflammatory condition that causes periodontal ligament degradation, periodontal pocket development, and alveolar bone destruction, all of which lead to the breakdown of the teeth's supporting system. Periodontitis is triggered by the accumulation of various microflora (especially anaerobes) in the pockets, which release toxic substances and digestive enzymes and stimulate the immune system. Periodontitis can be efficiently treated using a variety of techniques, both regional and systemic.

The arsenic bioremediation using genetically engineered microbial strains on aquatic environments: An updated overview.

Heavy metal contamination threatens the aquatic environment and human health. Different physical and chemical procedures have been adopted in many regions; however, their adoption is usually limited since they take longer time, are more expensive, and are ineffective in polluted areas with high heavy metal contents. Thus, biological remediation is considered a suitable applicable method for treating contaminates due to its aquatic-friendly features.

IL-6R (trans-signaling) is a key regulator of reverse cholesterol transport in lipid-laden macrophages.

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease caused by cholesterol-laden arterial plaques. This study evaluated the correlation between interleukin-6 (IL-6), its receptors (IL6R/CD126), and glycoprotein 130 (gp130) alongside atherosclerosis biomarkers in a cohort of 142 subjects, equally divided between lean and obese individuals. Subsequent analyses used THP-1-derived macrophages to assess the biochemical impact of inhibiting IL-6 receptors.

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor: current perspectives on key signaling partners and immunoregulatory role in inflammatory diseases.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a versatile environmental sensor and transcription factor found throughout the body, responding to a wide range of small molecules originating from the environment, our diets, host microbiomes, and internal metabolic processes. Increasing evidence highlights AhR's role as a critical regulator of numerous biological functions, such as cellular differentiation, immune response, metabolism, and even tumor formation. Typically located in the cytoplasm, AhR moves to the nucleus upon activation by an agonist where it partners with either the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) or hypoxia-inducible factor 1β (HIF-1β).

Soybean oil-based HFD induces gut dysbiosis that leads to steatosis, hepatic inflammation and insulin resistance in mice.

High-fat diets (HFDs) shape the gut microbiome and promote obesity, inflammation, and liver steatosis. Fish and soybean are part of a healthy diet; however, the impact of these fats, in the absence of sucrose, on gut microbial dysbiosis and its association with liver steatosis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of sucrose-free soybean oil-and fish oil-based high fat diets (HFDs) (SF-Soy-HFD and SF-Fish-HFD, respectively) on gut dysbiosis, obesity, steatosis, hepatic inflammation, and insulin resistance.

PPARdelta: A key modulator in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and co-morbidity.

The interplay between lipid metabolism and immune response in macrophages plays a pivotal role in various infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis (TB). Herein, we illuminate the modulatory effect of heat-killed (HKMT) on macrophage lipid metabolism and its implications on the inflammatory cascade. Our findings demonstrate that HKMT potently activates the lipid scavenger receptor, CD36, instigating lipid accumulation.

Challenges of therapeutic applications and regenerative capacities of urine based stem cells in oral, and maxillofacial reconstruction.

Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) have gained the attention of researchers in the biomedical field in the past few years . Regarding the several varieties of cells that have been used for this purpose, USCs have demonstrated mesenchymal stem cell-like properties, such as differentiation and immunomodulation. Furthermore, they could be differentiated into several lineages.

Gut Dysbiosis Shaped by Cocoa Butter-Based Sucrose-Free HFD Leads to Steatohepatitis, and Insulin Resistance in Mice.

Background: High-fat diets cause gut dysbiosis and promote triglyceride accumulation, obesity, gut permeability changes, inflammation, and insulin resistance. Both cocoa butter and fish oil are considered to be a part of healthy diets. However, their differential effects on gut microbiome perturbations in mice fed high concentrations of these fats, in the absence of sucrose, remains to be elucidated.

TNF-α/Stearate Induced H3K9/18 Histone Acetylation Amplifies IL-6 Expression in 3T3-L1 Mouse Adipocytes.

Extensive evidence supports the connection between obesity-induced inflammation and the heightened expression of IL-6 adipose tissues. However, the mechanism underlying the IL-6 exacerbation in the adipose tissue remains unclear. There is general agreement that TNF-α and stearate concentrations are mildly elevated in adipose tissue in the state of obesity.

Unraveling Verapamil's Multidimensional Role in Diabetes Therapy: From β-Cell Regeneration to Cholecystokinin Induction in Zebrafish and MIN6 Cell-Line Models.

This study unveils verapamil's compelling cytoprotective and proliferative effects on pancreatic β-cells amidst diabetic stressors, spotlighting its unforeseen role in augmenting cholecystokinin (CCK) expression. Through rigorous investigations employing MIN6 β-cells and zebrafish models under type 1 and type 2 diabetic conditions, we demonstrate verapamil's capacity to significantly boost β-cell proliferation, enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and fortify cellular resilience. A pivotal revelation of our research is verapamil's induction of CCK, a peptide hormone known for its role in nutrient digestion and insulin secretion, which signifies a novel pathway through which verapamil exerts its therapeutic effects.

Bioactive injectable mucoadhesive thermosensitive natural polymeric hydrogels for oral bone and periodontal regeneration.

Periodontitis is an inflammation-related condition, caused by an infectious microbiome and host defense that causes damage to periodontium. The natural processes of the mouth, like saliva production and eating, significantly diminish therapeutic medication residency in the region of periodontal disease. Furthermore, the complexity and diversity of pathological mechanisms make successful periodontitis treatment challenging.

Effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma on the fertility and quality of cryopreserved buffalo bull semen: a comparative study using OptiXcell® and tris egg yolk extenders.

Background: Buffalo spermatozoa have a distinct membrane structure that makes them more vulnerable to cryopreservation, resulting in lower-quality post-thawed sperm. This decreases the success rate of artificial insemination in buffaloes. Understanding and addressing these specific vulnerabilities are essential for improving reproductive techniques in buffalo populations.

Investigating the Role of FABP4 in Diabetes and Obesity and the Influence of Age and Ethnicity: A Comprehensive Analysis of a Cohort from the KEDP-Study.

Adipocyte P2 (aP2), also known as FABP4, is an adipokine that adipose tissue produces and expresses in macrophages. Its primary role is to facilitate the transportation of fatty acids across cell membranes. Numerous studies have reported associations between FABP4 and the development of metabolic disorders.

Prospectives and challenges of nano-tailored biomaterials-assisted biological molecules delivery for tissue engineering purposes.

Nano carriers have gained more attention for their possible medical and technological applications. Tailored nanomaterials can transport medications efficiently to targeted areas and allow for sustained medication discharge, reducing undesirable toxicities while boosting curative effectiveness. Nonetheless, transitioning nanomedicines from experimental to therapeutic applications has proven difficult, so different pharmaceutical incorporation approaches in nano scaffolds are discussed.

Neutral Sphingomyelinase 2 Inhibition Limits Hepatic Steatosis and Inflammation.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is manifested by hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, hepatocyte death, and systemic inflammation. Obesity induces steatosis and chronic inflammation in the liver. However, the precise mechanism underlying hepatic steatosis in the setting of obesity remains unclear.

Differential effects of fish-oil and cocoa-butter based high-fat/high-sucrose diets on endocrine pancreas morphology and function in mice.

Introduction: A high-fat/high-sucrose diet leads to adverse metabolic changes that affect insulin sensitivity, function, and secretion. The source of fat in the diet might inhibit or increase this adverse effect. Fish oil and cocoa butter are a significant part of our diets.

Putative effect of chronic renal failure on granular convoluted tubule of submandibular gland in male rats: Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical changes in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) of rodents' submandibular gland (SMG) upon theinduction of chronic renal failure.

Material And Methods: Thirty young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: the Control group, rats received no intervention; the Sham group, rats underwent surgical incision without nephrectomy; the Experimental group, rats underwent surgical procedures to induce chronic renal failure. Afterward, SMG was examined for histological and ultrastructural changes and immunohistochemical staining for Renin.

Radioprotective potential of whey protein against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage.

Ionizing radiation (IR) is effectively used in the treatment of oral malignancies; however, it might also significantly harm the surrounding tissues. Whey protein isolate (WP) is a protein derived from milk that exhibits a wide range of bioactivities. Therefore, the present research aimed to delineate the mitigating impact of WP against gamma irradiation-induced lingual damage.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Promotes the Expression of TNF-α in THP-1 Cells by Mechanisms Involving ROS/CHOP/HIF-1α and MAPK/NF-κB Pathways.

Obesity and metabolic syndrome involve chronic low-grade inflammation called metabolic inflammation as well as metabolic derangements from increased endotoxin and free fatty acids. It is debated whether the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in monocytic cells can contribute to amplify metabolic inflammation; if so, by which mechanism(s). To test this, metabolic stress was induced in THP-1 cells and primary human monocytes by treatments with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), palmitic acid (PA), or oleic acid (OA), in the presence or absence of the ER stressor thapsigargin (TG).

TNFα induces matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in monocytic cells through ACSL1/JNK/ERK/NF-kB signaling pathways.

Studies have established the association between increased plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and adipose tissue inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) was elevated in obesity and is involved in the induction of MMP-9 in monocytic cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was incompletely understood.

Metabolomics: a promising tool for deciphering metabolic impairment in heavy metal toxicities.

Heavy metals are the metal compounds found in earth's crust and have densities higher than that of water. Common heavy metals include the lead, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, copper, manganese, chromium, nickel, and aluminum. Their environmental levels are consistently rising above the permissible limits and they are highly toxic as enter living systems via inhalation, ingestion, or inoculation.

ACSL1 is a key regulator of inflammatory and macrophage foaming induced by short-term palmitate exposure or acute high-fat feeding.

Foamy and inflammatory macrophages play pathogenic roles in metabolic disorders. However, the mechanisms that promote foamy and inflammatory macrophage phenotypes under acute-high-fat feeding (AHFF) remain elusive. Herein, we investigated the role of acyl-CoA synthetase-1 (ACSL1) in favoring the foamy/inflammatory phenotype of monocytes/macrophages upon short-term exposure to palmitate or AHFF.

The role of TLR2 in exercise-induced immunomodulation in normal weight individuals.

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been targeted for therapeutic drug development for several disorders, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and diabetes mellitus. Daily levels physical activity (PA) has been purported to influence the systemic circulation of cytokines, affecting the overall activation of TLRs and influencing the inflammatory milieu. Objective and self-reported daily PA was tracked in 69 normal-weight adults.