Clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic differences between immunoglobulin E-mediated and non-immunoglobulin E-mediated cow's milk protein allergy in children.

Background: Although breast milk is ideal for newborns, in some cases, it is replaced with cow's milk, which contains proteins that increase the risk of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA).

Aim: To evaluate CMPA prevalence in Bahrain and compare clinical characteristics of children with immunoglobulin E (IgE)- and non-IgE-mediated CMPA.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined children with CMPA diagnosed at the pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinic of the Salmaniya Medical Complex, Bahrain, between 2014 and 2022, and assessed CMPA prevalence.