Comparative Proteomics of Resistant and Susceptible Strains of Frankliniella occidentalis to Abamectin.

Western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is an invasive agricultural pest with developed resistance to abamectin in some strains due to frequent treatment with the pesticide. In this study, we examined differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between abamectin-resistant (Aba; under abamectin selective pressure) and susceptible strains (Aba; without abamectin selective pressure) of F. occidentalis.

The assessment of the perceived stress and the quality of life in the patients with myasthenia gravis: The mediating role of the psychological capital and social support.

Stress has been known as a risk factor for the onset and modification of autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis (MG). However, the patients can control their stress and improve their quality of life (QOL) using some factors such as psychological and social support. Psychological capital and social support play a key role in decreasing stress and improving QOL in the patients with MG.

A novel smartphone application for bladder cancer management (BCM App): Design, development, and usability evaluation.

Background: Providing clinical guidelines to clinicians using innovative technologies seems practical and useful. This study aimed to design, develop, and evaluate a smartphone application to assist urologists in managing bladder cancer (BCM App).

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in three phases, following the user-centered design model, at the urology clinic of Khorshid Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) in 2021.

Current evidence of arterial spin labeling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A systematic review.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the utility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) in assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and its potential as a biomarker for early diagnosis.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Studies that employed ASL to compare CBF between ALS patients and healthy controls were included.

Involvement of the left uncinate fasciculus in the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an exploratory longitudinal multi-modal neuroimaging and neuropsychological study.

To investigate the microstructural integrity, tract volume analysis, and functional connectivity (FC) alterations of the left uncinate fasciculus (UF) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) compared to healthy controls (HCs). Fourteen limb-onset ALS patients were recruited at baseline and ten at follow-up, along with 14 HCs. All participants underwent 3D T1-weighted, diffusion tensor imaging and kurtosis imaging (DTI/DKI), and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) using a 3 Tesla scanner with 64-channel coils.

Exploring ChatGPT in clinical inquiry: a scoping review of characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Introduction: Recent advancements in generative AI, exemplified by ChatGPT, hold promise for healthcare applications such as decision-making support, education, and patient engagement. However, rigorous evaluation is crucial to ensure reliability and safety in clinical contexts. This scoping review explores ChatGPT's role in clinical inquiry, focusing on its characteristics, applications, challenges, and evaluation.

Comprehensive copy number analysis of spinal muscular atrophy among the Iranian population.

Copy number variations in the SMN1 gene on chromosome 5 are the primary cause of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) disease, characterized by muscle weakness and degeneration due to impaired alpha motor neurons in the spinal cord. To obtain a comprehensive molecular understanding of the SMA, including carriers, silent carriers, and patients in the Iranian population, we analyzed data from 5224 individuals referred to Kariminejad - Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran, between 2006 and 2023 using MLPA and quantitative RT-PCR methods. The carrier frequency of SMA was estimated to be 5.

Effectiveness of computer-based telerehabilitation software (RehaCom) compared to other treatments for patients with cognitive impairments: A systematic review.

Background: The rehabilitation process for cognitive disorders is long and complex, which can lead to reduced rehabilitation outcomes and reduced quality improvement. Thus, there is a need to use new methods to boost conventional rehabilitation (e.g.

Development and Usability Evaluation of COVID-Iran: A Mobile Application for Mitigating COVID-19 Misinformation.

Objectives: The spread of misinformation through the internet can lead to dangerous behavioral changes and erode trust in reliable sources, especially during public health crises like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To combat this issue, innovative strategies that leverage information technology are essential. This study focused on developing and evaluating a mobile application (app), COVID-Iran, aimed at countering COVID-19 misinformation by delivering accurate, reliable, and credible information.

Metabolite alterations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and its association with cognitive assessments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A longitudinal magnetic resonance spectroscopy study.

Objective: To characterize the longitudinal metabolite profile of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and to examine its correlation with cognitive assessments.

Methods: Thirteen patients at baseline and ten at follow-up, along with 14 age-, sex-, and handedness-matched healthy controls (HCs), were recruited. Three Tesla with a 64-channel coil, Point-RESolved Spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence (TR=1500 ms and TE=140 ms) was used.

Iron accumulation/overload and Alzheimer's disease risk factors in the precuneus region: A comprehensive narrative review.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuronal loss. Early cerebral and body iron dysregulation and accumulation interact with AD pathology, particularly in the precuneus, a crucial functional hub in cognitive functions. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), a novel post-processing approach, provides insights into tissue iron levels and cerebral oxygen metabolism and reveals abnormal iron accumulation early in AD.

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping Values Quantification in Deep Gray Matter Structures for Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background/objectives: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the role of magnetic susceptibility (χ) in deep gray matter (DGM) structures, including the putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), caudate nucleus (CN), and thalamus, in the most common types of multiple sclerosis (MS) and relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

Methods: The literature was systematically reviewed up to November 2023, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. This study was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) in QSM values between patients with RRMS and healthy controls (HCs).

A Narrative Review of Vocational Rehabilitation in People with Spinal Cord Injury in Different Countries.

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-long neurological disease. This study reviews the literature on the vocational rehabilitation (VR) of people who experience SCI.

Methods: MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and Science Direct databases were searched.

Microstructural correlates of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: a systematic review of diffusion MRI studies.

Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is a non-motor symptom of Parkinson's Disease, affecting 75-95% of the patients. This symptom usually emerges before the clinical diagnosis, and patients with OD present with more severe forms of PD and need higher doses of therapy. It remains unknown whether OD is just a mere non-motor symptom or if it is a part of a series of pathological changes in different brain regions of the affected patients.

Calcium accumulation or iron deposition: Delving into the temporal sequence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pathophysiology in the primary motor cortex.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes progressive motor neuron degeneration, but an in vivo understanding of its early pathology remains limited. A recent study used topographic layer imaging to investigate iron and calcium accumulation in the primary motor cortex (M1) of patients with ALS compared with controls. Despite the preserved cortical thickness, ALS patients showed increased iron in layer 6 and calcium accumulation in layer 5a and the superficial layer.

Diffusion tensor imaging biomarkers and clinical assessments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients: an exploratory study.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Biomarkers are needed to improve diagnosis, gauge progression, and evaluate treatment. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a promising biomarker for detecting microstructural alterations in the white matter tracts.

Simultaneous Increase of Mean Susceptibility and Mean Kurtosis in the Substantia Nigra as an MRI Neuroimaging Biomarker for Early-Stage Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Early detection is crucial for treatment and slowing disease progression.

Hypothesis: Simultaneous alterations in mean susceptibility (MS) from quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and mean kurtosis (MK) from diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) can serve as reliable neuroimaging biomarkers for early-stage PD (ESPD) in the basal ganglia nuclei, including the substantia nigra (SN), putamen (PUT), globus pallidus (GP), and caudate nucleus (CN).

Testing behaviour change with an artificial intelligence chatbot in a randomized controlled study.

Chatbots can effect large-scale behaviour change because they are accessible through social media, flexible, scalable, and gather data automatically. Yet research on the feasibility and effectiveness of chatbot-administered behaviour change interventions is sparse. The effectiveness of established behaviour change interventions when implemented in chatbots is not guaranteed, given the unique human-machine interaction dynamics.

Designing the pH-sensitive indicator based on starch nanoparticle with bromocresol green for monitoring meat spoilage.

The starch nanoparticle, combined with bromocresol green (BCG), served as a pH-sensitive indicator to monitor meat quality throughout an 8-day refrigerated storage period. The meat samples were sealed in package which the pH-sensitive indicator attached to the interior part of packaging lid. The changes in meat quality were evaluated by total volatile base nitrogen (TVBN), pH, total viable count (TVC), sensory analysis, and color in interval of 0, 3, 5, 7, and 8-days storage at 4°C.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Biomarker Alterations in Brain Metastases and Comparable Tumors: A Systematic Review of DTI and Tractography Findings.

Background: Brain metastases (BMs) are the most frequent tumors of the central nervous system. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that provides insights into brain microstructural alterations and tensor metrics and generates tractography to visualize white matter fiber tracts based on diffusion directionality. This systematic review assessed evidence from DTI biomarker alterations in BMs and comparable tumors such as glioblastoma.

Quantitative susceptibility mapping in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: automatic quantification of the magnetic susceptibility in the subcortical nuclei.

: Previous studies have suggested a link between dysregulation of cortical iron levels and neuronal loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. However, few studies have reported differences in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) values in subcortical nuclei between patients with ALS and healthy controls (HCs). : MRI was performed using a 3 Tesla Prisma scanner (64-channel head coil), including 3D T1-MPRAGE and multi-echo 3D GRE for QSM reconstruction.

Volume loss in the left anterior-superior subunit of the hypothalamus in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Background And Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) causes motor neuron loss and progressive paralysis. While traditionally viewed as motor neuron disease (MND), ALS also affects non-motor regions, such as the hypothalamus. This study aimed to quantify the hypothalamic subregion volumes in patients with ALS versus healthy controls (HCs) and examine their associations with demographic and clinical features.

A rare intraosseous synovial sarcoma of the mandible: A case report.

Introduction: Synovial sarcoma is a relatively common high-grade soft-tissue sarcoma. This lesion accounts for 5-10 % of soft-tissue sarcomas, which tend to appear in the limbs, especially the lower limbs. Synovial sarcoma in the neck is rare and causes involvement of the head and neck in 6-7 % of cases.

A 65-year-old woman with ALS and bilateral precentral motor band sign.

Advanced MRI techniques, including SWI, MinIP, and QSM, are instrumental in detecting the "motor band sign" in ALS, aiding in the early diagnosis and assessment of upper motor neuron involvement, which is critical for therapeutic interventions.