Digital mapping of resected cancer specimens: The visual pathology report.

Background: The current standard-of-care pathology report relies only on lengthy written text descriptions without a visual representation of the resected cancer specimen. This study demonstrates the feasibility of incorporating virtual, three-dimensional (3D) visual pathology reports to improve communication of final pathology reporting.

Materials And Methods: Surgical specimens are 3D scanned and virtually mapped alongside the pathology team to replicate grossing.

Visual pathology reports for communication of final margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Background: Positive margins are frequently observed in total laryngectomy (TL) specimens. Effective communication of margin sampling sites and final margin status between surgeons and pathologists is crucial. In this study, we evaluate the utility of multimedia visual pathology reports to facilitate interdisciplinary discussion of margin status in laryngeal cancer surgery.

Visual pathology reports for improved collaboration at multidisciplinary head and neck tumor board.

Purpose: Multidisciplinary tumor boards (TB) are the standard for discussing complex head and neck cancer cases. During TB, imaging and microscopic pathology is reviewed, but there is typically no visualization of the resected cancer.

Methods: A pilot study was conducted to investigate the utility of visual pathology reports at weekly TB for 10 consecutive weeks.

More than meets the eye: Augmented reality in surgical oncology.

Background And Objectives: In the field of surgical oncology, there has been a desire for innovative techniques to improve tumor visualization, resection, and patient outcomes. Augmented reality (AR) technology superimposes digital content onto the real-world environment, enhancing the user's experience by blending digital and physical elements. A thorough examination of AR technology in surgical oncology has yet to be performed.

Health System Encounters after Loss to Cardiology Follow-Up Among Patients with Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: To analyze receipt of care at other locations within a single rural academic health system after loss to follow-up in a cardiology clinic.

Study Design: Patients with congenital heart defects seen in the clinic during 2018 and subsequently lost to cardiology follow-up were included in the study. We defined loss to follow-up as not being seen in the clinic for at least 6 months past the most recently recommended follow-up visit.

Enhanced Communication of Tumor Margins Using 3D Scanning and Mapping.

After oncologic resection of malignant tumors, specimens are sent to pathology for processing to determine the surgical margin status. These results are communicated in the form of a written pathology report. The current standard-of-care pathology report provides a written description of the specimen and the sites of margin sampling without any visual representation of the resected tissue.

3D Specimen Scanning and Mapping in Musculoskeletal Oncology: A Feasibility Study.

Background: Surgical resection is the primary treatment for bone and soft tissue tumors. Negative margin status is a key factor in prognosis. Given the three-dimensional (3D) anatomic complexity of musculoskeletal tumor specimens, communication of margin results between surgeons and pathologists is challenging.

A Randomized Clinical Trial Targeting Daily Living Skills in Autistic Adolescents Without an Intellectual Disability Before the Transition to Adulthood.

Objectives: In the United States, more than 75,000 autistic adolescents graduate from high school each year, and many lack the skills to successfully transition to college, work, and independent living. Daily living skills (DLS) in autistic adolescents without an intellectual disability (ID) fall 6 to 8 years behind peers. Better DLS are linked to more positive adult outcomes for autistic individuals.

Exposure to Perfluoroalkyl Substances and Associations with Pubertal Onset and Serum Reproductive Hormones in a Longitudinal Study of Young Girls in Greater Cincinnati and the San Francisco Bay Area.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), endocrine disrupting chemicals with worldwide exposure, cause changes in mammary gland development in rodents. A few human studies report delay in pubertal events with increasing perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) exposure, but to our knowledge none have examined reproductive hormone levels at thelarche.

Methods: In a cohort of Greater Cincinnati (GC) and San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) girls recruited at 6-8 years of age, clinical examinations were conducted annually or semiannually with sequential Tanner staging.

Problem-solving in virtual environment simulations prior to direct instruction for differential diagnosis in medical education: An experimental study.

Despite acquiring vast content knowledge about the functioning of the human body through university teaching, medical students struggle to transfer that knowledge to one of the core disciplinary practices - differential diagnosis. The authors aimed to overcome this problem by implementing computer-based virtual environment simulations in medical education courses. In an experimental study, the authors compared problem-solving in medical computer-based virtual environment simulations prior to instruction with an instruction-first approach.

Migraine and its association with pubertal maturation and behavioral traits among adolescent girls.

Objective: To determine if the ages at pubertal milestones are associated with the prevalence of adolescent migraine.

Background: Migraine headaches are a common disease in adolescent girls. Past studies have evaluated the relationship between age of onset of menarche and migraine headache, but none have studied earlier pubertal milestones such as thelarche and pubarche.

Microanalysis of Daily Living Skills in adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder without an intellectual disability.

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without an intellectual disability (ID) have daily living skills (DLS) that fall below their chronological age and affect their ability to achieve successful adult outcomes, but little is known about their specific DLS challenges. Utilizing the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 3rd Edition (VABS-3) in a sample of 151 adolescents with ASD without an ID, we explored the VABS-3 DLS domain, subdomains, interview topics, and individual items. Results indicated that Community DLS was a relative strength, followed by Domestic DLS, and then Personal DLS.

Air pollution and the pandemic: Long-term PM exposure and disease severity in COVID-19 patients.

Background And Objective: Ecological studies have suggested an association between exposure to particulate matter ≤2.5 μm (PM ) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. However, these findings are yet to be validated in individual-level studies.

The Association between Sex Hormones, Pubertal Milestones and Benzophenone-3 Exposure, Measured by Urinary Biomarker or Questionnaire.

Experimental studies have suggested benzophenone-3 (BP-3), a sunscreen ingredient, may have endocrine-disrupting properties. A cohort of girls were recruited at ages 6-7 years and returned semi-annually for pubertal maturation staging, provided blood for serum hormone analyses [estradiol, estrone, testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S)], and urine to measure BP-3 concentrations. We found a significant negative linear association between amount of reported sunscreen use and testosterone levels at the onset of puberty (N = 157, adjusted β = -0.

A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Daily Living Skills Intervention for Adolescents with Autism.

Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without an intellectual disability have daily living skills (DLS) impairments. An initial feasibility pilot of Surviving and Thriving in the Real World (STRW), a group intervention that targets DLS, demonstrated significant improvements. A pilot RCT of STRW was conducted to extend these findings.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Ecological evidence suggests that exposure to air pollution affects coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes. However, no individual-level study has confirmed the association to date.

Methods: We identified COVID-19 patients diagnosed at the University of Cincinnati hospitals and clinics and estimated particulate matter ≤2.

Sex Hormone Phenotypes in Young Girls and the Age at Pubertal Milestones.

Context: The age of pubertal onset is influenced by many variables in young girls. Previous studies have not examined sex hormones longitudinally around the time of breast development and their relationship to pubertal onset.

Objective: We sought to use an unbiased statistical approach to identify phenotypes of sex hormones in young girls and examine their relationship with pubertal milestones.

Perfluorooctanoate and changes in anthropometric parameters with age in young girls in the Greater Cincinnati and San Francisco Bay Area.

Methods: We conducted a study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance biomarkers, including PFOA, in girls from Greater Cincinnati (CIN, N = 353) and the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA, N = 351). PFOA was measured in the baseline serum sample collected in 2004-2007 of 704 girls at age 6-8 years. Mixed effects models were used to derive the effect of PFOA on BMI, waist-to-height and waist-to-hip ratios over increasing age in this longitudinal cohort.

Complex relationships between perfluorooctanoate, body mass index, insulin resistance and serum lipids in young girls.

Background: Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) has been used extensively in the manufacture of both commercial and household products. PFOA serum concentrations have been associated with adverse health effects, including lower body mass in children and infants.

Objective: To determine if there is an association between serum PFOA concentration and body mass, serum insulin and lipid profile in exposed young girls.

Impact of Pubertal Maturation and Chronologic Age on Sex Steroids in Peripubertal Girls.

Context: There is a 4- to 5-year variation in age of breast maturation in girls.

Objective: To examine longitudinal changes in sex hormone values relative to chronologic age and time relative to breast maturation.

Setting And Design: Longitudinal observational study into which girls were recruited at 6 to 7 years of age and followed up every 6 months.

Can Prophylactic Cables Stop Crack Propagation in Revision Arthroplasty: A Biomechanical Study.

Background: Intraoperative femur fractures are a common complication of revision hip arthroplasty. This study examined the use of a prophylactic cable in stopping a crack from propagating beyond the cable.

Methods: Seventy sheep femora were prepared.

An interventional pilot study on obesity among low-income patients using a computer-based weight management module.

Primary care physicians infrequently address lifestyle modification with their obese patients, among whom those of lower economic means are disproportionately represented. To enhance patients' access to education on lifestyle modification, a clinic-based computer kiosk was installed at our residency clinic for the purpose of healthy lifestyle education. While posttest scores improved and were maintained after completion of lifestyle modification education, body mass index (BMI) was essentially unaffected.