Fabrication, characterization and photoelectrochemical activity of tungsten-copper co-sensitized TiO nanotube composite photoanodes.

Tungsten-copper co-sensitized TiO nanotube films on titanium substrate, used as photoanodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting to produce hydrogen, have been synthesized via anodization and chemical bath deposition (CBD) methods. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to study the morphology and elemental composition of the synthetic samples. UV-Vis diffuse reflection spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS) was sued to investigate the optical features of the samples.