Knowledge, attitude, and practices related to lead pollution among adolescents and caregivers of young children living near Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) recycling sites in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Lead, a potent neurotoxin, causes irreversible damage to the nervous system, and low- and middle-income countries face huge health and economic productivity losses due to childhood lead exposure. In Bangladesh, informal Used Lead Acid Battery (ULAB) recycling sites are an important source of lead pollution. Little is known about lead awareness among communities exposed to ULAB recycling.

Preterm birth and neonatal mortality in selected slums in and around Dhaka City of Bangladesh: A cohort study.

Background: Although under-five mortality has declined appreciably in Bangladesh over the last few decades, neonatal mortality still remains high. The objective of the study is to assess the level and determinants of preterm birth and the contribution of preterm birth to neonatal mortality.

Methods: Data for this study came from selected slums in and around Dhaka city, where; since 2015, icddr,b has been maintaining the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS).

Depressive symptoms and anxiety among women with a history of abortion living in urban slums of Bangladesh.

Background: Globally, major emphasis has been placed on understanding the physiological consequences of losing a pregnancy. However, its mental health impact on socially disadvantaged women remains unexplored. To further inform the field the present study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with the development of depressive symptoms and anxiety among women with a history of spontaneous abortion living in the urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

DIR/Floor Time in Engaging Autism: A Systematic Review.

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a pervasive developmental disorder, which affects various multiple areas of a child's development. The objective of this study was to systematically review the available literature and appraise the effect of floortime in engaging autism disorder among children.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, PsycINFO, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Medline.

Psychosocial health of school-going adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from a nationwide survey in Bangladesh.

Background: Common psychosocial health problems (PHPs) have become more prevalent among adolescents globally during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the psychosocial health of school-going adolescents has remained unexplored in Bangladesh due to limited research during the pandemic. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of PHPs (i.

Protocol for validation of the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) for children under 3 years of age in seven countries.

Introduction: Children's early development is affected by caregiving experiences, with lifelong health and well-being implications. Governments and civil societies need population-based measures to monitor children's early development and ensure that children receive the care needed to thrive. To this end, the WHO developed the Global Scales for Early Development (GSED) to measure children's early development up to 3 years of age.

Health system impact of COVID-19 on urban slum population of Bangladesh: a mixed-method rapid assessment study.

Objective: We aimed to rapidly assess the health system impact of COVID-19 in the urban slums of Bangladesh.

Design: A cross-sectional survey among 476 households was conducted during October-December 2020 in five selected urban slums of Dhaka North, Dhaka South and Gazipur City Corporation. In-depth interviews with purposively selected 22 slum dwellers and key informant interviews with 16 local healthcare providers and four policymakers and technical experts were also conducted.

Levels, trends and socio-demographic determinants of infant and under-five mortalities in and around slum areas of Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

Infant and child mortality are often used to monitor the progress of national population health programs. The data for this study was collected from selected urban slums where icddr,b has maintained the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). Using the HDSS database, 6,666 married women were selected and interviewed in 2018 to collect data on socioeconomic status, pregnancy history and safe motherhood practices.

Burden and risk factors for antenatal depression and its effect on preterm birth in South Asia: A population-based cohort study.

Introduction: Women experience high rates of depression, particularly during pregnancy and the postpartum periods. Using population-based data from Bangladesh and Pakistan, we estimated the burden of antenatal depression, its risk factors, and its effect on preterm birth.

Methods: The study uses the following data: maternal depression measured between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation using the 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9); data on pregnancy including an ultrasound before 19 weeks of gestation; data on pregnancy outcomes; and data on woman's age, education, parity, weight, height, history of previous illness, prior miscarriage, stillbirth, husband's education, and household socioeconomic data collected during early pregnancy.

Health-Related Quality of Life among Rural-Urban Migrants Living in Dhaka Slums: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Bangladesh.

Background: The study aimed to assess the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and its associated factors among urban slum dwellers who migrated from different rural parts of Bangladesh.

Methods: The present study analyzed data from a Migration and Mobility Determinants on Health survey and was conducted in 2017 among 935 migrant slum dwellers of Dhaka city (North & South) and Gazipur City Corporations, as a part of the icddr,b's Urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (UHDSS). The face-to-face interviews were conducted with the adult population by using a semi-structured questionnaire that included variables related to socio-demographics, migration, occupation, and HRQoL (SF-12).

Development of undergraduate nursing entrustable professional activities through using a participatory design approach.

Background: Competencies represent sets of general abilities and attributes that graduating nurses must acquire. Most nursing programs adopt competency based assessment and training approaches to prepare their students to enter the clinical environment. However, some concern has been raised regarding their interpretation and implementation in everyday clinical training.

The Lived Experiences of Community Health Workers Serving in a Large-Scale Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Intervention Trial in Rural Bangladesh.

Community health workers (CHWs) are key to implementing community-based health interventions and quality can be enhanced by better understanding their lived experiences. The WASH Benefits, Bangladesh trial engaged 540 female CHWs to promote varying health intervention packages. We report on factors influencing their lived experiences during the trial, to aid future recruitment, training and retention of CHWs.

Experience with Airway Management and Sequencing of Repair of Panfacial Fractures: A Single Tertiary Healthcare Appraisal in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia - A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: Special cooperation is required among surgeons and anesthetists in airway management during repair of panfacial fractures, due to problems of shared airway and occlusion. Several methods have been proposed for airway management and sequencing of repair of panfacial fractures. The main objective of the current study was to share our experience in the airway management and sequencing of repair of panfacial fractures.

Waterless Hand Cleansing with Chlorhexidine during the Neonatal Period by Mothers and Other Household Members: Findings from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Observational data suggest maternal handwashing with soap prevents neonatal mortality. We tested the impact of a chlorhexidine-based waterless hand cleansing promotion on the behavior of mothers and other household members. In rural Bangladesh in 2014, we randomized consenting pregnant women to chlorhexidine provision and hand cleansing promotion or standard practices.

Perfluorinated phosphine and hybrid P-O ligands for Pd catalysed C-C bond forming reactions in solution and on Teflon supports.

The synthesis of two types of phosphine ligands that feature perfluorinated ponytails is reported. A bidentate (RfCHCH)PCHCHP(CHCHRf) (Rf = CF(CF) ; = 5, 7) and an alkoxyphosphine made by ring opening a fluorous epoxide, RfCHCH(OH)CHPR (Rf = CF(CF)), have been prepared and spectroscopically characterised. The electronic effects of the fluorous chains have been elucidated from either the or coupling constants in Pt(ii) or phosphine selenide compounds.

Correction to: Formative research for the design of a scalable water, sanitation, and hygiene mobile health program: CHoBI7 mobile health program.

It was highlighted that the original article [1] contained an error in the title. Additionally, Table 2 contained a typesetting mistake. This Correction article shows the incorrect and correct article title and Table 2.

Formative research for the design of a scalable water, sanitation, and hygiene mobile health program: CHoBI7 mobile health program.

Background: The Cholera-Hospital-Based-Intervention-for-7-Days (CHoBI7) is a handwashing with soap and water treatment intervention program delivered by a health promoter bedside in a health facility and through home visits to diarrhea patients and their household members during the 7 days after admission to a health facility. In a randomized controlled trial among cholera patient households in Bangladesh, the 7-day CHoBI7 program resulted in a significant reduction in cholera among household members of cholera patients and sustained improvements in drinking water quality and handwashing with soap practices 12 months post-intervention. In an effort to take this intervention to scale across Bangladesh in partnership with the Bangladesh Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, this study evaluates the feasibility and acceptability of mobile health (mHealth) programs as a low-cost, scalable approach for CHoBI7 program delivery.

Effectiveness of a large-scale handwashing promotion intervention on handwashing behaviour in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Objective: The behavioural effect of large-scale handwashing promotion programmes has been infrequently evaluated, and variation in the effect over time has not been described. We assess the effect of a large-scale handwashing promotion programme on handwashing outcomes in a community setting in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods: We analysed data from a cluster-randomised trial that included three arms: vaccine-and-behaviour-change intervention (VBC), vaccine-only (V) and no intervention (Control).

Inconsistency in Diarrhea Measurements when Assessing Intervention Impact in a Non-Blinded Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

To explore the consistency in impact evaluation based on reported diarrhea, we compared diarrhea data collected through two different surveys and with observed diarrhea-associated hospitalization for children aged ≤ 5 years from a non-blinded cluster-randomized trial conducted over 2 years in urban Dhaka. We have previously reported that the interventions did not reduce diarrhea-associated hospitalization for children aged ≤ 5 years in this trial. We randomly allocated 90 geographic clusters comprising > 60,000 low-income households into three groups: cholera vaccine only, vaccine plus behavior change (cholera vaccine and handwashing plus drinking water chlorination promotion), and control.

Investigating the Influence of Polysorbate 20/80 and Polaxomer P188 on the Surface & Interfacial Properties of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme.

Purpose: To provide new insights into how protein-surfactant competitive adsorbtion and corresponding surface tension reduction properties at the air-water and oil-water interface are impacted by the type of protein and the associated protein surface rheology.

Method: Interfacial Rheology was utilized to obtain surface G' and G" as a function of frequency. Force tensiometry was utilized to obtain changes in surface tension as a function of surfactant concentration.

Impact of a Large-Scale Handwashing Intervention on Reported Respiratory Illness: Findings from a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

We assessed the impact of handwashing promotion on reported respiratory illness as a secondary outcome from among > 60,000 low-income households enrolled in a cluster-randomized trial conducted in Bangladesh. Ninety geographic clusters were randomly allocated into three groups: cholera-vaccine-only; vaccine-plus-behavior-change (handwashing promotion and drinking water chlorination); and control. Data on respiratory illness (fever plus either cough or nasal congestion or breathing difficulty within previous 2 days) and intervention uptake (presence of soap and water at handwashing station) were collected through monthly surveys conducted among a different subset of randomly selected households during the intervention period.

Subclonal copy number is associated with prognosis in multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically heterogeneous cancer of bone marrow plasma cells with variable outcome. To assess the prognostic relevance of clonal heterogeneity of copy number, we profiled tumors from 1777 newly diagnosed Myeloma XI trial patients with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Subclonal deletions were independently associated with shorter overall survival, with a hazard ratio of 1.

WASH Benefits Bangladesh trial: management structure for achieving high coverage in an efficacy trial.

Background: Water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) efficacy trials deliver interventions to the target population under optimal conditions to estimate their effects on outcomes of interest, to inform subsequent selection for inclusion in routine programs. A systematic and intensive approach to intervention delivery is required to achieve the high-level uptake necessary to measure efficacy. We describe the intervention delivery system adopted in the WASH Benefits Bangladesh study, as part of a three-paper series on WASH Benefits Intervention Delivery and Performance.

WASH Benefits Bangladesh trial: system for monitoring coverage and quality in an efficacy trial.

Background: Researchers typically report more on the impact of public health interventions and less on the degree to which interventions were followed implementation fidelity. We developed and measured fidelity indicators for the WASH Benefits Bangladesh study, a large-scale efficacy trial, in order to identify gaps between intended and actual implementation.

Methods: Community health workers (CHWs) delivered individual and combined water, sanitation, handwashing (WSH) and child nutrition interventions to 4169 enrolled households in geographically matched clusters.