Epidemiologic Analysis of Chilblains Cohorts Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Beginning in March 2020, case reports and case series linked the COVID-19 pandemic with an increased occurrence of chilblains, but this association has not been evaluated in an epidemiologic study.

Objective: To assess whether a correlation exists between COVID-19 incidence and chilblains incidence.

Design, Setting, And Participants: A retrospective cohort study was conducted within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California system from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2020; health plan members of all ages were included.

Cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and analysis of individual patient-level data.

Distinctive patterns in the cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 have been recently reported. We conducted a systematic review to identify case reports and case series characterizing cutaneous manifestations of confirmed COVID-19. Key demographic and clinical data from each case were extracted and analyzed.

Generalized fixed drug eruption to piperacillin/tazobactam and review of literature.

Fixed drug eruption (FDE) is an adverse drug reaction characterized by the development of well-circumscribed, round, dusky erythematous macules and plaques on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces. The reaction occurs on the same mucosal or cutaneous site with subsequent exposures to the offending drug. Although FDE usually manifests as a single lesion, in rare instances, more than one lesion may arise and this is referred to as a generalized eruption.

Ultraviolet Radiation Inhibits Mammary Carcinogenesis in an ER-Negative Murine Model by a Mechanism Independent of Vitamin D.

Three decades ago, the Garlands postulated that vitamin D produced in the skin by ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced conversion of 7-dehydrocholesterol to pre-D has anticancer effects, thus triggering more than 9,500 publications on D and cancer. Here, we report that UVR treatment of transgenic mice of the well-established C3(1)/SV40 Tag mammary cancer model significantly inhibits both autochthonous carcinogenesis and allograft tumor growth, but in contrast neither dietary nor topical D influences mammary carcinogenesis in this specific mouse model. Furthermore, UVR's inhibitory effects occur irrespective of whether or not the treatment increases circulating D in the mice.

Prehospital hypertonic fluid resuscitation for trauma patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Prehospital assessment of a patient's circulation status and appropriate resuscitation with intravenous fluids plays a critical role in patients with obvious hemorrhage or systolic blood pressure below 90 mm Hg.

Objectives: We assessed the efficacy and safety of prehospital administration of crystalloids or colloids to improve the survival rate of trauma patients with acceptable safety profile.

Data Sources: We searched SCOPUS, Embase, TRIP database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed as per search protocol from January 1, 1900 to February 12, 2015.

Combination therapy of autologous adipose mesenchymal stem cell-enriched, high-density lipoaspirate and topical timolol for healing chronic wounds.

Chronic venous leg ulcers are profoundly debilitating and result in billions in health care expenditure. Thus, there is a quest for engineered and innovative approaches. Herein we present a 63-year-old patient with a 30 year history of venous stasis and left lower extremity ulcers, which have been refractory to standard of care, anticoagulation and venous stripping.

A critical review of personal statements submitted by dermatology residency applicants.

Background. A strong personal statement is deemed favorable in the overall application review process. However, research on the role of personal statements in the application process is lacking.

Dermatology residency selection criteria with an emphasis on program characteristics: a national program director survey.

Background. Dermatology residency programs are relatively diverse in their resident selection process. The authors investigated the importance of 25 dermatology residency selection criteria focusing on differences in program directors' (PDs') perception based on specific program demographics.

Crosstalk between adrenergic and toll-like receptors in human mesenchymal stem cells and keratinocytes: a recipe for impaired wound healing.

Previous studies demonstrate that skin wounds generate epinephrine (EPI) that can activate local adrenergic receptors (ARs), impairing healing. Bacterially derived activators of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) within the wound initiate inflammatory responses and can also impair healing. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that these two pathways crosstalk to one another, using EPI and macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP2) to activate ARs and TLR2, respectively, in human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and neonatal keratinocytes (NHKs).

Cutaneous and mucosal lichen planus: a comprehensive review of clinical subtypes, risk factors, diagnosis, and prognosis.

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that most often affects middle-aged adults. LP can involve the skin or mucous membranes including the oral, vulvovaginal, esophageal, laryngeal, and conjunctival mucosa. It has different variants based on the morphology of the lesions and the site of involvement.

Catecholamine stress alters neutrophil trafficking and impairs wound healing by β2-adrenergic receptor-mediated upregulation of IL-6.

Stress-induced hormones can alter the inflammatory response to tissue injury; however, the precise mechanism by which epinephrine influences inflammatory response and wound healing is not well defined. Here we demonstrate that epinephrine alters the neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN))-dependent inflammatory response to a cutaneous wound. Using noninvasive real-time imaging of genetically tagged PMNs in a murine skin wound, chronic, epinephrine-mediated stress was modeled by sustained delivery of epinephrine.

Allergic contact dermatitis to metal allergens in Iran.

Background: Metallic allergens such as nickel are among the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), but frequencies of contact dermatitis to these allergens may vary in different areas.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the frequencies of ACD caused by three common metallic allergens: nickel sulfate; potassium dichromate; and cobalt chloride.

Methods: Data for 1137 patients with clinical diagnoses of contact dermatitis and/or atopic dermatitis evaluated by patch testing in Iran during a 5-year period were retrospectively studied to establish the frequencies of hypersensitivity to these metallic allergens.

Treatment of female pattern hair loss.

Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) as a distinctive entity was first described about 30 years ago. The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of all randomized controlled trials for treatment of FPHL. A preliminary search was carried out in several databases up to August 2008 to identify all randomized controlled trials on nonsurgical interventions for treatment of FPHL.

Fox-Fordyce disease exacerbated by hyperhidrosis.

Fox-Fordyce disease is an uncommon disorder primarily affecting postpubertal females. It is characterized by intensely pruritic, papular eruptions in apocrine-gland bearing regions. Rarity and scant literature have resulted in a lack of definitive treatment options or pathognomonic diagnostic indicators.

Unwanted facial hair removal with laser treatment improves quality of life of patients.

Background: Unwanted facial hair can have adverse psychological effects on women and reduce their quality of life.

Objective: To assess the effects of unwanted facial hair removal with laser on improving quality of life.

Methods: In this study, 70 patients treated for unwanted facial hair by laser were assessed by Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) questionnaire on admission and 3 months later after three sessions of laser treatment.

Comparison of seropositivity of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 in mycosis fungoides patients and normal volunteers: a case-control study and review of literature.

Background: There have been controversial reports about the possible association between mycosis fungoides (MF), its leukemic variant Siotazary syndrome (SS) and human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in different geographical regions.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore any association between MF and presence of HTLV-1 infection in Iran.

Methods: In a case-control setting, 150 clinically and histopathologically proven MF patients had been admitted to the tertiary referral skin center during a 10-year period and another 150 normal volunteers had been compared with each other for the presence of HTLV-1 infection.

A neglected issue in interpretation of results of randomized controlled trials: informative censoring.

The presence of informative censoring is a commonly neglected issue that can lead to inaccurate results in randomized controlled trials. It is mandatory to perform an intention to treat analysis to minimize this source of error.