Novel zoonotic and genotypes in domestic pigeons () in Iran: Public health implications.

To determine the occurrence of microsporidiosis in domestic pigeons in Iran, privately-owned pigeons presenting weight loss and diarrhea were tested through molecular and histopathological methods. Multiplex-PCR findings showed 57%, 30%, and 14% positivity for , , and mixed infection in the fecal samples, respectively. A novel genotype, named IrnEb1, falling into zoonotic group 1 of , and a novel genotype of , named Irn2E, clustering as a sister taxon to genotype 2B were identified in pigeons for the first time using Sanger sequencing and phylogenetic analyses.

Sheep serve as a reservoir of Trichophyton mentagrophytes genotype V infection.

Human infections by Trichophyton mentagrophytes occur mainly due to contact with diseased animals. In Iran, T. mentagrophytes genotype V is the most prevalent variant of the fungus.

Development of deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction combined with temperature controlled ionic liquid-based liquid phase microextraction for extraction of aflatoxins from cheese samples.

In this study, for the first time, a deep eutectic solvent-based microwave-assisted extraction was combined with ionic liquid-based temperature controlled liquid phase microextraction for the extraction of several aflatoxins from cheese samples. Briefly, the analytes are extracted from cheese sample (3 g) into a mixture of 1.5 mL choline chloride:ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent and 3.

Molecular study of feline dermatophytosis and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in their lesions.

Background: Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) as the recognition of pathogenic fungal structures induce the secretion of cytokines by immune systems. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4 are the main PRRs that recognize fungal components.

Aim: The present study aimed to assess the presence of dermatophyte species in symptomatic cats in a region of Iran and to investigate the expression of TLR-2 and 4 in cat lesions with dermatophytosis.

In vitro antifungal susceptibility profile of Iranian Fusarium isolates: Emphasising on the potent inhibitory effect of efinaconazole compared to other drugs.

Background: Fusarium species are opportunistic human pathogens that remarkably cause fungal infections ranging from superficial to fatal invasive disseminated infections. Fusarium species are notoriously resistant to the majority of antifungal agents.

Objectives: Therefore, detailed studies regarding in vitro susceptibility are required and may lead to a better prognosis of severe infections.

Molecular Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns of Dermatophytes Isolated from Companion Animals with Clinical Symptoms of Dermatophytosis.

Introduction: Dermatophytosis is a common skin disease in cats and dogs caused by and fungi. Species identification and knowledge of their antifungal susceptibility are therapeutically and epidemiologically important. This study assessed the prevalence of feline and canine dermatophytosis in Iran, identified the aetiological agents molecularly and tested their antifungal susceptibility.

Diversity of Geophilic Dermatophytes Species in the Soils of Iran; The Significant Preponderance of .

A molecular epidemiology study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 by a network of collaborators from 12 provinces in the Islamic Republic of Iran. A total of 1484 soil samples from different habitats were screened for the presence of dermatophytes by using the hair baiting technique. The primary identification of isolates was carried out by amplification and I restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the internal transcribed spacers regions of ribosomal DNA (ITS-rDNA).

DNA topoisomerase 2 gene polymorphism in dermatophytes.

Background: Dermatophytes are a group of keratinophilic fungi of medical importance. Despite a relatively long history of molecular taxonomic studies, there is still a need for information on genetic polymorphism in wider variety of genomic loci.

Objectives: Our goal was to study partial DNA topoisomerase 2 gene (TOP2) polymorphism in dermatophytes.

Emergence of Terbinafine Resistant in Iran, Harboring Mutations in the Squalene Epoxidase () Gene.

Introduction: and are important causative agents of superficial mycoses, demonstrating emergent antifungal drug resistance. We studied the antifungal susceptibility profiles in Iranian isolates of these two species.

Methods: A total of 96 and 45 isolates were subjected to molecular typing by ribosomal ITS region.

Molecular study and genotyping of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium parvum from free-range and commercial broiler chickens in Guilan province, Iran.

Cryptosporidiosis acutely impacts the digestive and/or respiratory tract of the birds in many species of various orders. More importantly, it is also well known as a significant zoonotic disease, which can lead to diarrhea in humans and livestock. Regarding increasing demand for free-range products and increasing the number of free-range poultry farms, the present paper evaluated histopathological and molecular detection of Cryptosporidium baileyi and Cryptosporidium parvum in free-range and commercial broiler chickens in the north part of Iran.

Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale genotypes are associated with particular geographic areas and clinical manifestations.

The fungi Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T interdigitale account for significant amount of dermatophytosis cases worldwide. These two dermatophytes form a species complex and have a number of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region genotypes, allowing simultaneous species identification and strain typing. Our aim was to describe the geographic distribution of T mentagrophytes/T interdigitale ITS region genotypes and find an association between the genotypes and clinical presentations of respective infections.

In vitro activities of 15 antifungal drugs against a large collection of clinical isolates of Microsporum canis.

Background: Microsporum canis is a zoophilic species, found to be the most frequently isolated species in animals. M. canis causes sporadic outbreaks of infections in humans, such as the one that occurred in Canada, where more than 1000 human cases were detected over an 8-year period.

Isolation, characterization, and molecular identification of species from urinary tract infections.

Background And Purpose: species are reportedly the most common human fungal pathogens. The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by pathogens has increased in recent decades. However, such infections rarely occur in the absence of any predisposing factors.

Genotyping of isolated from animals using 25S ribosomal DNA and ALT repeats polymorphism in repetitive sequence.

Background And Purpose: is the most prevalent species isolated from animals. Candidiasis can be systemic in animals or may affect a single organ, such as the mouth, urinary tract, and skin. The aim of the present study was to determine the genetic diversity of isolated from different animals and investigate the presence of a relationship between host specificity and genetic typing of .

Molecular Determination of . Isolates from Domestic Ruminants Fecal Samples in the Northwest of Iran.

Background: species are the main causes for fascioliasis with great financial losses and are among the most important food/water-borne parasites worldwide. The basic proceedings such as epidemiology and effective control of fascioliasis rely mainly on precise identification of species. The present study was conducted to determine the species in ruminant fecal samples from East Azerbaijan Province in Iran.

ALS1 and ALS3 gene expression and biofilm formation in Candida albicans isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Background: A cluster of genes are involved in the pathogenesis and adhesion of Candida albicans to mucosa and epithelial cells in the vagina, the important of which is agglutinin-like sequence (ALS) genes. As well as vaginitis is a significant health problem among women, the antifungal resistance of Candida species is continually increasing. This cross-sectional study investigates the expression of ALS1 and ALS3 genes and biofilm formation in C.

Multilocus sequence typing of Candida albicans isolates from a burn intensive care unit in Iran.

Burn intensive care unit (BICU) patients are specifically exposed to deep-seated nosocomial infections due to Candida albicans. Superficial carriage of C. albicans is a potential source of infection and dissemination, and typing methods could be useful to trace the different isolates.

Molecular identification and prevalence of malassezia species in pityriasis versicolor patients from kashan, iran.

Background: Malassezia species are lipophilic yeasts found on the skin surface of humans and other warm-blooded vertebrates. It is associated with various human diseases, especially pityriasis versicolor, which is a chronic superficial skin disorder.

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to identify Malassezia species isolated from patients' samples affected by pityriasis versicolor, using molecular methods in Kashan, Iran.

Sequences type analysis of Candida albicans isolates from Iranian human immunodeficiency virus infected patients with oral candidiasis.

The growing number of immunocompromised individuals has increased the incidence of infections caused by Candida species during the recent decades. Typing of C. albicans on the basis of DNA sequences at multiple loci has greatly advanced our knowledge about the epidemiology and phylogeny of candidiasis.

Fungistatic effects of optical brightener 220 against Trichophyton tonsurans, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans.

Background: Dermatophytes are one of the main causes of dermal infections. Moreover, there are some opportunistic fungi such as Aspergillus fumigatus (mycelial form) and Candida albicans (yeasty form) that in immunosuppressed patients can cause cutaneous disease.

Objectives: The possible effect of optical brightener 220 (OB-220) on the growth of fungi has been evaluated in this study.