Effects of obesity on the pharmacology of proton pump inhibitors: current understanding and future implications for patient care and research.

Introduction: In the United States, obesity affects approximately ⅖ adults and ⅕ children, leading to increased risk for comorbidities, like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), treated increasingly with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Currently, there are no clinical guidelines to inform PPI dose selection for obesity, with sparse data regarding whether dose augmentation is necessary.

Areas Covered: We provide a review of available literature regarding the pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and/or metabolism of PPIs in children and adults with obesity, as a step toward informing PPI dose selection.

Clinically Relevant Outcome Measures for the I307N Rhodopsin Mouse: A Model of Inducible Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa.

Purpose: The I307N rhodopsin (Rho) mouse is a light-inducible model of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) that may be useful in testing therapies. We investigated the time-course of retinal changes of the I307N Rho mouse with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: SD-OCT was performed up to day 30 after light damage; electroretinography (ERG) was employed to evaluate photoreceptor function.