Inducing long-term immunity is the primary goal of vaccination. Leishmanisation using non-pathogenic to human Leishmania spp. could be considered a reliable approach to immunising subjects against Leishmania infection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) on the production of cytokines and expression of genes, which are corresponded to the subsets of T helper cells.
Materials And Methods: The supernatant of the second passage of MSCs that had been isolated from C57BL/6 mice abdominal adipose tissue was used to collect the MSC-EV. Splenocytes of healthy mice were activated using anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and simultaneously were treated using the MSC-EVs.
Stem cell therapy is going to become the most widely used type of therapy in regenerative medicine. The stem cell therapy market has grown at an exponential rate in recent years. The purpose of the present paper is to review the stem cell market and the factors affecting it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The protective effect of immunization using Iranian Lizard Leishmania (ILL) mixed with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) was demonstrated in a previous study. Here, we report the effect of leishmanization using ILL mixed with chitin microparticles (CMPs) as an adjuvant against L. major infection in BALB/c mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Recent studies show that the paracrine immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mediated by the secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF β), and nitric oxide (NO). The preconditioning of MSCs improves their immunomodulatory characteristics. Chitosan is a biopolymer with low toxicity and biodegradability, used as a membrane for MSCs three-dimensional culture.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: We aimed to compare parasite burden in BALB/c mice, using three methods including the direct fluorescent microscopic using recombinant expressing an enhanced green fluorescent protein, limiting dilution assay, and real-time PCR technique.
Methods: The current study was carried out in 2018, to induce stable enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) production. Initially, the linearized DNA expression cassette (pLEXSY-egfp-sat2) was integrated into the ssu locus of .
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model for the human multiple sclerosis, which is characterized by inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS), de-myelination of axonal neurons, and loss of motor coordination. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of intranasal administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and small extracellular vesicle (SEV) derived from the MSC (MSC-SEV) on disease activity and antigen-specific responses in the EAE mouse model. MSCs (5 × 10) were administered intranasally to EAE mice (n = 5) on the 15th and 24th days after immunization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Cell Med
November 2020
Exosomes released by tumor cells play critical roles in tumor progression, immune cell suppression, and cancer metastasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the exosomes released by EL4 cells carry a functional TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) molecule. Exosomes were harvested from the supernatants of EL4 cell culture, and the shape, size, and identity of EL4-derived exosomes were evaluated by utilizing scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and dot-blot method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe live non-pathogenic Leishmania tarantolae has recently provided a promising approach as an effective vaccine candidate against experimental leishmaniasis (ILL). Here, we evaluated the immunoprotective potential of the live Iranian Lizard Leishmania mixed with CpG adjuvant against infection in BALB/c mice. Four groups of female BALB/c mice were included in the study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study aimed to determine whether chitin microparticles (CMP), glucosamine-based polymers, have an anti-inflammatory response in a murine model of autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin antigens emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. A standard clinical and histological method (Luxol Fast Blue staining) was used to validate the model and document the impact of CMP treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Emerging evidence suggests that secretome of mesenchymal stem cells has many anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, which makes it a suitable candidate for the treatment of autoimmune and degenerative diseases. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV)/CD26 and Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 are ubiquitous ecto-enzymes which can digest various substrates including some chemokines and neuropeptides that are involved in inflammatory conditions.
Objective: To evaluate the enzymatic activity of DPP-IV/CD26 and APN/CD13 in MSC conditioned media (MSC-CM).
Aims: We investigated the protective effect of chitin micro-particle (CMP) as an adjuvant against Leishmania infection in BALB/c mice.
Methods: Mice were immunized subcutaneously with soluble Leishmania antigen (SLA) plus CMP (100 µg SLA + 100 µg CMP/100 µL) as the test group. Three weeks after the last immunization, test and control groups were infected by Leishmania major (L major).
Contrasting studies are reported on the induction of IL-10 and IFN-γ via chitin microparticles (CMPs) during immune stimulation. Our previous studies have shown marked protection among CMP treated Leishmania-infected mice via regulated IL-10/IFN-γ response, at the present study, once more, examined the inconsistent responses regarding the immunologic response of CMPS. To verify whether CMPs could indeed up-regulate IL-10/IFN-γ axis, isolated spleen cells from the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were cultured in the presence of MOG peptide and/or CMPs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The aim of the present study was to evaluate in vitro effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or tumor cells on recall-antigen-specific immune responses.
Methods: The exosomes were isolated from the supernatant of the cultures of the adipose-derived MSCs, and 4T1 cell line. The splenocytes isolated from experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mice were utilized to evaluate the effects of exosomes on recall-antigen-specific responses.
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV, CD26) plays many roles in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. The current study evaluated the association of DPP-IV enzymatic activity and its gene expression with disease activity and bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis. Blood samples were collected from 20 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy volunteers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: To determine the significance of CD13/aminopeptidase N (APN) in systemic Lupus Erythromatus (SLE), we examined its catalytic activity and mRNA expression level in sera and peripheral whole blood cells of patients with SLE.
Methods: In this study, 47 SLE patients and 44 age, sex matched healthy controls were included. The SLE disease activity index score and clinical finding including renal involvement and blood pressure were recorded.
Radiat Environ Biophys
November 2016
Radiation exposure in industrial accidents or nuclear device attacks is a major public health concern. There is an urgent need for markers that rapidly identify people exposed to ionizing radiation (IR). Finding a blood-based marker is advantageous because of the ease of sample collection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEntamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium spp. are common causes of diarrheal and intestinal diseases all over the world. Microscopic methods are useful in the diagnosis of intestinal parasites (IPs), but their sensitivity was assessed approximately 60 percent.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSmall-sized chitin and chitosan microparticles (MPs) reduce allergic inflammation. We examined the capacity of these glycans to stimulate A549 human airway epithelial cells to determine the feasibility of using of these glycans as allergic therapeutic modality. A549 cells were treated with MPs and then expressions levels of chitinase domain-containing 1 (CHID1) and chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) genes were determined by quantitative real-time PCR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Limiting dilution assay is considered as the gold standard method for quantifying the number of parasites in the animal model of Leishmania infection. Nowadays, real-time PCR is being increasingly applied to quantify infectious agents. In the present study, a real-time PCR assay was developed to estimate parasite burdens in lymph nodes of Leishmania major infected BALB/C mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: Microbial assay is used to determine the potency of antibiotics and vitamins. In spite of its advantages like simplicity and easiness, and to reveal the slight changes in the molecules, the microbial assay suffers from significant limitations; these methods are of lower specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of real time-PCR technique in comparison with turbidimetric method for microbial assay of amikacin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Entamoeba moshkovskii and E. dispar are impossible to differentiate microscopically from the pathogenic species E. histolytica.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Wound healing is a complex process. Different types of skin cells, extracellular matrix and variety of growth factors are involved in wound healing. The use of recombinant growth factors in researches and production of skin substitutes are still a challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis study investigated to what extent the serum microRNA 21 (miR-21) level alters in response to ionizing radiation (IR). Initially, we evaluated the appropriateness of our RNA extraction efficiency and microRNA assay in serum, and then investigated the serum miR-21 level in 4 patients with breast cancer in 4 stages: pre- and postoperation, at the beginning radiotherapy, and after 25 sessions of radiotherapy with a total of 50 Gy irradiation, as well as in 20 healthy volunteers. The initial analysis showed the appropriateness of our RNA extraction efficiency and microRNA assay in serum for identifying people exposed to IR.
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