Sarcomatoid Urothelial Carcinoma Arising in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may be associated with various epithelial malignancies. The most reported ones are papillary renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and clear cell RCC. Only one noninvasive urothelial carcinoma arising in the renal pelvis has been previously reported in the setting of ADPKD in the English literature.

Kidney Tumors: New and Emerging Kidney Tumor Entities.

This review summarizes current knowledge on several novel and emerging renal entities, including eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), RCC with fibromyomatous stroma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged RCC, low-grade oncocytic renal tumor, eosinophilic vacuolated tumor, thyroidlike follicular RCC, and biphasic hyalinizing psammomatous RCC. Their clinical features, gross and microscopic morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular and genetic features are described. The diagnosis of most of them rests on recognizing their morphologic features using immunohistochemistry.

What's new in the WHO 2022 classification of kidney tumours?

The World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 classification of urinary and male genital tumours (5th edition) has significantly improved our understanding of the morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics of renal tumours. The aim of this review is to outline the most important changes and diagnostic updates in the WHO 2022 classification of kidney tumours. A major change in this edition is the grouping of renal tumours into broader categories that include "", "", "", as well as adding two categories of "" and "".

Should grade group 1 prostate cancer be reclassified as "non-cancer"? A pathology community perspective.

Overdiagnosis and overtreatment of Grade Group 1 (GG 1) prostate cancer remains a significant health care problem despite of its improved risk assessment and uptake in conservative management. Removing the cancer label from these non-lethal cancers has been proposed as an expedient way to reduce potential physical, psychological and financial harm to patients. Such a nomenclatural change necessitates a multidisciplinary team effort by clinicians and pathologists.

Kidney Tumors: New and Emerging Kidney Tumor Entities.

This review summarizes current knowledge on several novel and emerging renal entities, including eosinophilic solid and cystic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), RCC with fibromyomatous stroma, anaplastic lymphoma kinase-rearranged RCC, low-grade oncocytic renal tumor, eosinophilic vacuolated tumor, thyroidlike follicular RCC, and biphasic hyalinizing psammomatous RCC. Their clinical features, gross and microscopic morphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular and genetic features are described. The diagnosis of most of them rests on recognizing their morphologic features using immunohistochemistry.

Extrarenal renal cell carcinoma arising in the kidney proximity but without an identifiable renal primary - an intriguing dilemma: report of three cases and review of the literature.

Aim: To raise awareness of the existence of extrarenal renal cell carcinoma (RCC).

Methods And Results: We report three patients with extrarenal RCC found in the renal proximity, but unattached to the kidney. None had a history of RCC or an identifiable primary renal neoplasm at the time of the diagnosis and on follow-up.

Granulomas associated with renal neoplasms: A multi-institutional clinicopathological study of 111 cases.

Aims: Formal depiction of granulomatous inflammation associated with renal neoplasms has mainly consisted of case reports. Herein, we investigate the clinicopathological features and potential significance of granulomas associated with renal tumours from a large multi-institutional cohort.

Methods And Results: One hundred and eleven study cases were collected from 22 institutions, including 57 partial nephrectomies and 54 radical nephrectomies.

p53 null phenotype is a "positive result" in urothelial carcinoma in situ.

The concept of a "p53 null phenotype" (complete loss of staining) is well-recognized in the gynecologic pathology literature, implicitly reflecting that this staining pattern represents a TP53 mutation. However, in the genitourinary pathology literature, a p53 null phenotype has only been addressed regarding the prognosis of invasive urothelial carcinoma, and not as a diagnostic biomarker for urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS). Herein, 25 cases of urothelial carcinoma in situ [diagnoses made on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections] showing null pattern p53 staining were retrieved from 22 different patients (16 males and 6 females, age range 52-85 years; average 69.

Low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) - a new renal entity ready for a prime time: An updated review.

Low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) of kidney has been recently proposed as a new renal entity. LOT was identified in the spectrum of oncocytic renal tumors with overlapping features between oncocytoma and eosinophilic chromophobe renal cell carcinoma, or it has been labelled as one of those entities in prior studies and in practice. LOT is often a single, relatively small tumor, found in a non-syndromic setting, but rare examples of multiple LOTs or admixed with other tumors have been found in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex.

Eosinophilic vacuolated tumor (EVT) of kidney demonstrates sporadic TSC/MTOR mutations: next-generation sequencing multi-institutional study of 19 cases.

A distinct renal tumor has recently been described as "high-grade oncocytic renal tumor" and "sporadic renal cell carcinoma with eosinophilic and vacuolated cytoplasm". The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) consensus proposed a unifying name "eosinophilic vacuolated tumor" (EVT) for this emerging entity. In this multi-institutional study, we evaluated 19 EVTs, particularly their molecular features and mutation profile, using next-generation sequencing.

ALK rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC): a multi-institutional study of twelve cases with identification of novel partner genes CLIP1, KIF5B and KIAA1217.

ALK rearranged renal cell carcinoma (ALK-RCC) has recently been included in 2016 WHO classification as a provisional entity. In this study, we describe 12 ALK-RCCs from 8 institutions, with detailed clinical, pathological, immunohistochemical (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next generation sequencing (NGS) analyses. Patients' age ranged from 25 to 68 years (mean, 46.

ESC, ALK, HOT and LOT: Three Letter Acronyms of Emerging Renal Entities Knocking on the Door of the WHO Classification.

Kidney neoplasms are among the most heterogeneous and diverse tumors. Continuous advancement of this field is reflected in the emergence of new tumour entities and an increased recognition of the expanding morphologic, immunohistochemical, molecular, epidemiologic and clinical spectrum of renal tumors. Most recent advances after the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of renal cell tumors have provided new evidence on some emerging entities, such as anaplastic lymphoma kinase rearrangement-associated RCC (ALK-RCC), which has already been included in the WHO 2016 classification as a provisional entity.

Distinct DNA methylation alterations are associated with cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma in Gleason pattern 4 prostate tumors.

The aim of the present study was to explore DNA methylation aberrations in association with cribriform architecture and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate, as there is robust evidence that these morphological features are associated with aggressive disease and have significant clinical implications. Herein, the associations of a panel of seven known prognostic DNA methylation biomarkers with cribriform and IDC features were examined in a series of 91 Gleason pattern (GP) 4 tumors derived from Gleason score 7 radical prostatectomies. Gene specific DNA methylation was compared between cribriform and/or IDC positive vs.

Not all gleason pattern 4 prostate cancers are created equal: A study of latent prostatic carcinomas in a cystoprostatectomy and autopsy series.

Background: The Gleason grading system represents the cornerstone of the management of prostate cancer. Gleason grade 4 (G4) is a heterogeneous set of architectural patterns, each of which may reflect a distinct prognostic value.

Methods: We determined the prevalence of the various G4 architectural patterns and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) in latent prostate cancer in contemporary Russian (n = 220) and Japanese (n = 100) autopsy prostates and in cystoprostatectomy (CP) specimens (n = 248) collected in Italy.

Management of magnetic intravitreal foreign bodies in 71 eyes.

Background And Objective: To evaluate the management of a series of eyes with magnetic intravitreal foreign bodies.

Patients And Methods: This retrospective review examined consecutive cases of ocular injury associated with intraocular foreign bodies; 71 eyes included had a single metallic intraocular foreign body (< 5 mm) located in the vitreous cavity removed by external magnet or intraocular forceps. Variables included preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, retinal break formation, retinal detachment, presence of an afferent pupillary defect, intraocular pressure, entrance site, foreign body size, method of extraction, and time between occurrence and surgical extraction.