Skin Diseases Modeling using Combined Tissue Engineering and Microfluidic Technologies.

In recent years, both tissue engineering and microfluidics have significantly contributed in engineering of in vitro skin substitutes to test the penetration of chemicals or to replace damaged skins. Organ-on-chip platforms have been recently inspired by the integration of microfluidics and biomaterials in order to develop physiologically relevant disease models. However, the application of organ-on-chip on the development of skin disease models is still limited and needs to be further developed.

Neuroprotection of donepezil against morphine-induced apoptosis is mediated through Toll-like receptors.

Previously, we had shown that donepezil provides anti-apoptotic effects associated with the prevention of morphine tolerance to the analgesic effect. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the molecular mechanisms involved in this effect considering the possible role of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2,4, and the balance between pre-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl family proteins. To this end, male Wistar rats received daily morphine in combination with either normal saline or donepezil (0.

A new pharmacological role for donepezil: attenuation of morphine-induced tolerance and apoptosis in rat central nervous system.

Background: Tolerance to the analgesic effect of opioids is a pharmacological phenomenon that occurs after their prolonged administration. It has been shown that morphine-induced tolerance is associated with apoptosis in the central nervous system and neuroprotective agents which prevented apoptosis signaling could attenuate tolerance to the analgesic effects. On the other hand donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, has been reported to have neuroprotective effects.