Examining the use of interoceptive exposure exercises in people with and without a history of chronic physical health problems.

Interoceptive exposure (IE) exercises are underused, especially in people with chronic physical health problems. Secondary data analyses were conducted to examine the use of and acute responses to IE exercises in individuals with and without a history of chronic physical health problem(s). Participants ( = 413; Mage = 38.

Spatial Transcriptomics and Single-Nucleus Multi-Omics Analysis Revealing the Impact of High Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Offspring Brain Development.

Folate, an essential vitamin B9, is crucial for diverse biological processes, including neurogenesis. Folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy is a standard practice for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). However, concerns are growing over the potential risks of excessive maternal FA intake.

Leveraging Implementation Science at the Early-Stage Development of a Novel Telehealth-Delivered Fear of Exercise Program to Understand Intervention Feasibility and Implementation Potential: Feasibility Behavioral Intervention Study.

Background: To increase real-world adoption of effective telehealth-delivered behavioral health interventions among midlife and older adults with cardiovascular disease, incorporating implementation science (IS) methods at earlier stages of intervention development may be needed.

Objective: This study aims to describe how IS can be incorporated into the design and interpretation of a study assessing the feasibility and implementation potential of a technology-delivered behavioral health intervention.

Methods: We assessed the feasibility and implementation potential of a 2-session, remotely delivered, home-based behavioral intervention composed of psychoeducation, interoceptive exposure through low-to-moderate intensity walking, interoceptive counseling, and homework (Reducing Exercise Sensitivity with Exposure Training; RESET) among patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and some fear of exercise.

Electrochemical Sensors in the Food Sector: A Review.

In a world that is becoming increasingly concerned with health, safety, and the sustainability of food supply chains, the control and assurance of food quality have become of utmost importance. This review examines the application and potential of electrochemical sensors in the dynamic field of food science to meet these expanding demands. The article introduces electrochemical sensors and describes their operational mechanics and the components contributing to their function.

Behavioral Exposure for Interoceptive Tolerance (BE-FIT): A stage II randomized clinical trial protocol.

Background: Exercise anxiety is a novel mechanism related to non-adherence to exercise and lifestyle physical activity. We developed a cognitive-behavioral treatment, Behavioral Exposure For Interoceptive Tolerance (BE-FIT), which is a manualized, values-based exposure intervention designed to target exercise anxiety that is delivered as a supplement to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Method: We describe a Stage II randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test BE-FIT, compared to a Health Education Control (HEC) intervention on exercise and physical activity outcomes at end-of-treatment (EOT) and follow-ups (Weeks 12, 18, and 24), and evaluate mechanisms of change (i.

Input-specific localization of NMDA receptor GluN2 subunits in thalamocortical neurons.

Molecular and functional diversity among synapses is generated, in part, by differential expression of neurotransmitter receptors and their associated protein complexes. -methyl--aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are tetrameric ionotropic glutamate receptors that most often comprise two GluN1 and two GluN2 subunits. NMDARs generate functionally diverse synapses across neuron populations through cell-type-specific expression patterns of GluN2 subunits (GluN2A - 2D), which have vastly different functional properties and distinct downstream signaling.

Valorization of citrus peel industrial wastes for facile extraction of extractives, pectin, and cellulose nanocrystals through ultrasonication: An in-depth investigation.

In this work we developed an eco-friendly valorisation of Citrus wastes (CWs), through a solvent-assisted ultrasonication extraction technique, thus having access to a wide range of bio-active compounds and polysaccharides, extremely useful in different industrial sectors (food, cosmetics, nutraceutical). Water-based low-amplitude ultrasonication was examined as a potential method for pectin extraction as well as polar and non-polar citrus extractives (CEs), among which hesperidin and triglycerides of 18 carbon fatty acids were found to be the most representative ones. In addition, citric acid:glycerol (1:4)-based deep eutectic solvent (DES) in combination with ultrasonic extraction was utilized to extract microcellulose (CMC), from which stable cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with glycerol-assisted high amplitude ultrasonication were obtained.

Synaptogyrin-3 Prevents Cocaine Addiction and Dopamine Deficits.

Synaptogyrin-3, a functionally obscure synaptic vesicle protein, interacts with vesicular monoamine and dopamine transporters, bringing together dopamine release and reuptake sites. Synaptogyrin-3 was reduced by chronic cocaine exposure in both humans and rats, and synaptogyrin-3 levels inversely correlated with motivation to take cocaine in rats. Synaptogyrin-3 overexpression in dopamine neurons reduced cocaine self-administration, decreased anxiety-like behavior, and enhanced cognitive flexibility.

Clinician Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Guided Self-Help.

The current study evaluated knowledge of and attitudes toward guided self-help (GSH) among clinicians who use evidence-based practices to treat one or more of the following: panic disorder, major depressive disorder, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder. A total of 153 of 256 individuals recruited online and at professional conferences were eligible. This study assessed prior experience with and knowledge of GSH, as well as hypothetical use with a mock patient.

Dendritically localized RNAs are packaged as diversely composed ribonucleoprotein particles with heterogeneous copy number states.

Localization of mRNAs to dendrites is a fundamental mechanism by which neurons achieve spatiotemporal control of gene expression. Translationally repressed neuronal mRNA transport granules, also referred to as ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), have been shown to be trafficked as single or low copy number RNPs and as larger complexes with multiple copies and/or species of mRNAs. However, there is little evidence of either population in intact neuronal circuits.

Spatial Transcriptomics and Single-Nucleus Multi-omics Analysis Revealing the Impact of High Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation on Offspring Brain Development.

Folate, an essential vitamin B9, is crucial for diverse biological processes including neurogenesis. Folic acid (FA) supplementation during pregnancy is a standard practice for preventing neural tube defects (NTDs). However, concerns are growing over the potential risks of excessive maternal FA intake.

Development of a Biopolymer-Based Anti-Fog Coating with Sealing Properties for Applications in the Food Packaging Sector.

The quest for sustainable and functional food packaging materials has led researchers to explore biopolymers such as pullulan, which has emerged as a notable candidate for its excellent film-forming and anti-fogging properties. This study introduces an innovative anti-fog coating by combining pullulan with poly (acrylic acid sodium salt) to enhance the display of packaged food in high humidity environments without impairing the sealing performance of the packaging material-two critical factors in preserving food quality and consumers' acceptance. The research focused on varying the ratios of pullulan to poly (acrylic acid sodium salt) and investigating the performance of this formulation as an anti-fog coating on bioriented polypropylene (BOPP).

Towards silent and efficient flight by combining bioinspired owl feather serrations with cicada wing geometry.

As natural predators, owls fly with astonishing stealth due to the serrated feather morphology that produces advantageous flow characteristics. Traditionally, these serrations are tailored for airfoil edges with simple two-dimensional patterns, limiting their effect on noise reduction while negotiating tradeoffs in aerodynamic performance. Conversely, the intricately structured wings of cicadas have evolved for effective flapping, presenting a potential blueprint for alleviating these aerodynamic limitations.

Sea Urchin Food Waste into Bioactives: Collagen and Polyhydroxynaphtoquinones from and .

Approximately 75,000 tons of different sea urchin species are globally harvested for their edible gonads. Applying a circular economy approach, we have recently demonstrated that non-edible parts of the Mediterranean Sea urchin can be fully valorized into high-value products: antioxidant pigments (polyhydroxynaphthoquinones-PHNQs) and fibrillar collagen can be extracted to produce innovative biomaterials for biomedical applications. Can waste from other edible sea urchin species (e.

Testing a brief, self-guided values affirmation for behavioral activation intervention during COVID-19.

This pilot study tested a single-session digital values affirmation for behavioral activation (VABA) intervention. Hypotheses predicted the VABA intervention would be more effective than an active control condition in improving mood, decreasing COVID-19 fear/worry and depressive symptoms, and promoting positively reinforcing behaviors during early weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were a diverse sample of undergraduate students ( = 296) under a state-wide lockdown.

Linguistic analysis of health anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Health anxiety, which is defined as fear of having or contracting serious physical illness, is particularly salient in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a mixed methods study in which 578 narrative samples were analyzed using Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to determine linguistic markers from six LIWC categories relevant to cognitive-behavioral features of health anxiety. Broad linguistic predictors were analyzed through three backward elimination regression models in order to inform subcategory predictors of each area of health anxiety.

Mutation of novel ethanol-responsive lncRNA Gm41261 impacts ethanol-related behavioral responses in mice.

Chronic alcohol exposure results in widespread dysregulation of gene expression that contributes to the pathogenesis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Long noncoding RNAs are key regulators of the transcriptome that we hypothesize coordinate alcohol-induced transcriptome dysregulation and contribute to AUD. Based on RNA-Sequencing data of human prefrontal cortex, basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens of AUD versus non-AUD brain, the human LINC01265 and its predicted murine homolog Gm41261 (i.

Multiplexed Functional Assessments of Variants in Human Cardiomyocytes.

Background: Pathogenic autosomal-dominant missense variants in (), which encodes the sarcomeric protein (β-MHC [beta myosin heavy chain]) expressed in cardiac and skeletal myocytes, are a leading cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and are clinically actionable. However, ≈75% of missense variants are of unknown significance. While human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes to enable the interrogation of variant effect in a disease-relevant context, deep mutational scanning has not been executed using diploid hiPSC derivates due to low hiPSC gene-editing efficiency.

Inter- and transgenerational heritability of preconception chronic stress or alcohol exposure: Translational outcomes in brain and behavior.

Chronic stress and alcohol (ethanol) use are highly interrelated and can change an individual's behavior through molecular adaptations that do not change the DNA sequence, but instead change gene expression. A recent wealth of research has found that these nongenomic changes can be transmitted across generations, which could partially account for the "missing heritability" observed in genome-wide association studies of alcohol use disorder and other stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the molecular and behavioral outcomes of nongenomic inheritance of chronic stress and ethanol exposure and the germline mechanisms that could give rise to this heritability.

Methodological approach for an integrated female-specific study of anxiety and smoking comorbidity.

Two primary ovarian hormones that fluctuate across the female menstrual cycle-estradiol and progesterone-have been independently linked in separate literatures to nicotine reinforcement and anxiety psychopathology. We identify existing methodological limitations in these literatures, describe an example protocol that was developed to address such limitations, highlight case examples, and offer insights on the resulting advantages and challenges. This protocol was an observational, prospective, within-subjects study of female cigarette smokers who were followed over the course of a complete menstrual cycle.

MCU-enriched dendritic mitochondria regulate plasticity in distinct hippocampal circuits.

Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that are morphologically and functionally diverse across cell types and subcellular compartments in order to meet unique energy demands. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in a wide variety of neurological disorders, including psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Despite it being well known that mitochondria are essential for synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity, the mechanisms regulating mitochondria in support of normal synapse function are incompletely understood.

Fabrication of double layer nanoparticle infused starch-based thermoplastic food packaging system for meat preservation.

The current work aims to produce nanoparticle-infused starch-based bioactive thermoplastic packaging films. The FeO and ZnO nanoparticles were examined to be potential active ingredients for the production of nanoparticle-infused bioactive thermoplastic packaging films. The bio-thermoplastic films infused with FeO and ZnO nanoparticles showed high oxygen scavenging and antimicrobial activity, respectively.

Learning-Based Seismic Velocity Inversion with Synthetic and Field Data.

Building accurate acoustic subsurface velocity models is essential for successful industrial exploration projects. Traditional inversion methods from field-recorded seismograms struggle in regions with complex geology. While deep learning (DL) presents a promising alternative, its robustness using field data in these complicated regions has not been sufficiently explored.