Post-failure deformation mode switching in volcanic rock.

Beyond a threshold applied compressive stress, porous rocks typically undergo either dilatant or compactant inelastic deformation and the response of their physical properties to deformation mode is key to mass transport, heat transport and pressure evolution in crustal systems. Transitions in failure modes-involving switches between dilatancy and compaction-have also been observed, but to date have received little attention. Here, we perform a series of targeted mechanical deformation experiments on porous andesites, designed to elucidate complex post-failure deformation behaviour.

Volcanic hazard exacerbated by future global warming-driven increase in heavy rainfall.

Heavy rainfall drives a range of eruptive and non-eruptive volcanic hazards. Over the Holocene, the incidence of many such hazards has increased due to rapid climate change. Here, we show that extreme heavy rainfall is projected to increase with continued global warming throughout the twenty-first century in most subaerial volcanic regions, increasing the potential for rainfall-induced volcanic hazards.

Crowd-sourcing observations of volcanic eruptions during the 2021 Fagradalsfjall and Cumbre Vieja events.

Two remarkable 2021 eruptions – Fagradalsfjall (Reykjanes, Iceland) and Cumbre Vieja (La Palma, Spain) – have been captured in imagery and videography at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution by tourists, volcano-enthusiasts, and media organizations. We propose this represents the start of a new era for observational volcanology, with the abundance of eruption imagery leveraged for scientific use.

Implementation of a Cellulitis Management Plan in Three Australian Regional Health Services to Address an Evidence-Practice Gap in Antibiotic Prescribing.

Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines, antibiotics for cellulitis remain inappropriately prescribed. This evidence-practice gap is more evident in low-resource settings, such as rural hospitals. This implementation study developed and introduced a cellulitis management plan to improve antibiotic prescribing for cellulitis in three health services in regional Australia.

Patient satisfaction with a consumer codesigned lower limb cellulitis leaflet.

Objective This study evaluated whether a consumer codesigned leaflet about the common skin infection cellulitis would improve patient satisfaction. Methods A patient information leaflet was codesigned with consumers incorporating health literacy principles and attached to a new adult lower limb cellulitis management plan launched in three regional Victorian health services. Health service staff were educated to provide the leaflet during hospital care.

Impact of time to first antimicrobial dose on length of stay and 30-day hospital readmission in patients with lower limb cellulitis.

Objectives: There have been efforts to promote timely antimicrobial administration for patients with sepsis, but the importance for other infections is uncertain. This study analysed whether time to first antimicrobial dose (TFAD) in patients with lower limb cellulitis influenced outcome measures such as acute length of stay (LOS) in hospital and 30-day hospital readmission rates for cellulitis.

Methods: Medical records of patients admitted with lower limb cellulitis or erysipelas over a 15-month period (1 May 2019 to 30 November 2019 and 1 March 2020 to 31 October 2020) were reviewed.

The quality of lymph node harvests in extralevator abdominoperineal excisions.

Background: Lymph node (LN) harvest in colorectal cancer resections is a well-recognised prognostic factor for disease staging and determining survival, particularly for node-negative (N0) diseases. Extralevator abdominoperineal excisions (ELAPE) aim to prevent "waisting" that occurs during conventional abdominoperineal resections (APR) for low rectal cancers, and reducing circumferential resection margin (CRM) infiltration rate. Our study investigates whether ELAPE may also improve the quality of LN harvests, addressing gaps in the literature.

Author Correction: Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kīlauea Volcano.

An Amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Extreme rainfall triggered the 2018 rift eruption at Kīlauea Volcano.

The May 2018 rift intrusion and eruption of Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i, represented one of its most extraordinary eruptive sequences in at least 200 years, yet the trigger mechanism remains elusive. The event was preceded by several months of anomalously high precipitation. It has been proposed that rainfall can modulate shallow volcanic activity, but it remains unknown whether it can have impacts at the greater depths associated with magma transport.

Health and hierarchy: soldiers, civilians and mental healthcare in Scotland, 1914-34.

During the First World War injured servicemen were constructed as a better class of patient than civilians, and their care was prioritized in social and political discourses. For the mentally disordered servicemen themselves, however, these distinctions were permeable and transient. This article will challenge the reality of the 'privileged' service patient in civil asylums in Scotland.

Fracture and compaction of andesite in a volcanic edifice.

The failure mode of lava-dilatant or compactant-depends on the physical attributes of the lava, primarily the porosity and pore size, and the conditions under which it deforms. The failure mode for edifice host rock has attendant implications for the structural stability of the edifice and the efficiency of the sidewall outgassing of the volcanic conduit. In this contribution, we present a systematic experimental study on the failure mode of edifice-forming andesitic rocks (porosity from 7 to 25 %) from Volcán de Colima, Mexico.

The Healthy LifeWorks Project: a pilot study of the economic analysis of a comprehensive workplace wellness program in a Canadian government department.

Objective: To examine the relationship between health risks and absenteeism and drug costs vis-a-vis comprehensive workplace wellness.

Methods: Eleven health risks, and change in drug claims, short-term and general illness calculated across four risk change groups. Wellness score examined using Wilcoxon test and regression model for cost change.

A randomized study comparing the Shaker exercise with traditional therapy: a preliminary study.

Seven institutions participated in this small clinical trial that included 19 patients who exhibited oropharyngeal dysphagia on videofluorography (VFG) involving the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and who had a 3-month history of aspiration. All patients were randomized to either traditional swallowing therapy or the Shaker exercise for 6 weeks. Each patient received a modified barium swallow pre- and post-therapy, including two swallows each of 3 ml and 5 ml liquid barium and 3 ml barium pudding.

Can the Canadian Heart Health Initiative inform the population Health Intervention Research Initiative for Canada?

Objectives: The aim of the Population Health Intervention Research Initiative for Canada (PHIRIC) is to build capacity to increase the quantity, quality and use of population health intervention research. But what capacity is required, and how should capacity be created? There may be relevant lessons from the Canadian Heart Health Initiative (CHHI), a 20-year initiative (1986-2006) that was groundbreaking in its attempt to bring together researchers and public health leaders (from government and non-government organizations) to jointly plan, conduct and act on relevant evidence. The present study focused on what enabled and constrained the ability to fund, conduct and use science in the CHHI.

What information do clinicians use in recommending oral versus nonoral feeding in oropharyngeal dysphagic patients?

There is little evidence regarding the type(s) of information clinicians use to make the recommendation for oral or nonoral feeding in patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia. This study represents a first step toward identifying data used by clinicians to make this recommendation and how clinical experience may affect the recommendation. Thirteen variables were considered critical in making the oral vs.

Defining and operationalizing capacity for heart health promotion in Nova Scotia, Canada.

This paper presents an operational definition of capacity building for heart health promotion, instruments developed to measure heart health capacity, and baseline results of capacity for 20 organizations. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used to collect data. Three instruments were developed to measure organizational capacity for heart health promotion: a survey of community agencies involved in heart health, a questionnaire of organizational practices supportive of heart health promotion, and an interview guide that focused on factors influencing heart health promotion.

A ratiometric expressible FRET sensor for phosphoinositides displays a signal change in highly dynamic membrane structures in fibroblasts.

Phosphoinositides are important signal transduction intermediates in cell growth, survival, and motility. We have invented a fluorescence sensor for polyphosphorylated phosphoinositides based on a peptide derived from the Listeria protein ActA that undergoes a random coil to helix transition upon lipid binding. The sensor, termed CAY, is a fusion protein of cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins flanking the peptide at its N- and C-termini, respectively.

Facilitators and challenges to organizational capacity building in heart health promotion.

The authors describe the facilitators and challenges to a multi-sectoral initiative aiming at building organizational capacity for heart health promotion in Nova Scotia, Canada. The research process was guided by participatory action research. The study included 21 organizations from diverse sectors.

Maternal and umbilical cord erythrocyte omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and haemorheology in singleton and twin pregnancies.

Background: Being devoid of both nuclei and mitochondria, mature human erythrocytes provide an opportunity to study membrane structure and function outwith the restrictions of genetic control. With its unique rapid increase in vascularisation, pregnancy is considered the most opportune period in which to investigate blood rheology.

Methods: Maternal and fetal (cord) bloods were retained at delivery from 32 (25 singleton and seven twin) normal pregnancies at two maternity hospitals in the Glasgow area over a nine month period.

Building capacity for heart health promotion: results of a 5-year experience in Nova Scotia, Canada.

Purpose: To present the outcomes of a capacity-building initiative for heart health promotion.

Design: Follow-up study combining quantitative and qualitative methods.

Setting: The Western Health Region of Nova Scotia, Canada.

Capacity building for health promotion and chronic disease prevention--Nova Scotia's experience.

The purpose of this paper is to report on the capacity building efforts that took place during the dissemination research phase of Heart Health Nova Scotia (HHNS). HHNS, a health promotion research team, is funded by Health Canada and the Nova Scotia Department of Health. It is located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, a province of 937,000 people situated on the east coast of Canada.

Infant cerebellar gray and white matter fatty acids in relation to age and diet.

There is little evidence as to the fatty acid composition of the cerebellum in infancy and it remains uncertain whether milk diet can influence its composition. We therefore examined cerebellar gray and white matter of infants less than 6 month old who had died unexpectedly. The fatty acid content of 33 gray and 21 white matter specimens from infants born at term and 6 gray and 5 white matter specimens from preterm infants was assessed by gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis.

Infant growth and aorta total lipid fatty acids.

Abnormal fetal and infant growth have increasingly been correlated with adult onset cardiovascular disease. To date, there is little known about the lipid fatty acid profiles in infant cardiovascular tissue. Therefore, we analysed total lipid fatty acids from thoracic and abdominal aorta intima and media from 24 normally grown sudden infant death syndrome cases.