ROS-mediated regulation of β2AR function: Does oxidation play a meaningful role towards β2-agonist tachyphylaxis in airway obstructive diseases?

β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists are the clinical gold standard for treatment and prophylaxis of airway constriction in pulmonary obstructive diseases such as asthma and COPD. Inhaled β2-agonists elicit rapid bronchorelaxation of the airway smooth muscle, yet, clinical tachyphylaxis to this response can occur over repeated and chronic use, which reduces the bronchodilatory effectiveness. Several mechanisms have been proposed to impart β2-agonist tachyphylaxis, most notably β2AR desensitization.

First Human Cosavirus Detection From Cerebrospinal Fluid in Hospitalized Children With Aseptic Meningitis and Encephalitis in Iran.

Objective: Human cosavirus (HCosV) is a newly recognized virus that seems to be partly related to nonpolio flaccid paralysis and acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients. However, the relationship between HCosV and diseases in humans is unclear. To assess an investigation for the occurrence of HCosV among pediatric patients involved in meningitis and encephalitis, we implemented a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of HCosV in stool specimens.