Meta-Analytic Use of Balanced Identity Theory to Validate the Implicit Association Test.

This meta-analysis evaluated theoretical predictions from balanced identity theory (BIT) and evaluated the validity of zero points of Implicit Association Test (IAT) and self-report measures used to test these predictions. Twenty-one researchers contributed individual subject data from 36 experiments (total = 12,773) that used both explicit and implicit measures of the social-cognitive constructs. The meta-analysis confirmed predictions of BIT's balance-congruity principle and simultaneously validated interpretation of the IAT's zero point as indicating absence of preference between two attitude objects.

Altered neurometabolites and motor integration in children exposed to methamphetamine in utero.

Methamphetamine (METH) is a neurotoxic drug. This study aimed to evaluate brain metabolite levels and cognitive function in young children with prenatal METH exposure. 101 children ages 3-4 years were evaluated with neuropsychological tests and underwent proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) without sedation.

Tumour volume is an independent predictor of prostate-specific antigen recurrence in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer.

Unlabelled: Authors from the USA sought to establish the relationship between tumour volume, pathological stage and outcomes after radical prostatectomy. In a large series of patients they found that tumour volume was correlated directly with pathological stage, and that it was independently correlated with PSA recurrence. The authors suggested that tumour volume had a potential use for prognostication in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy.

Intraoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy versus radical retropubic prostatectomy.

Objectives: To compare intraoperative blood loss, perioperative hematocrit, and transfusion requirements in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) versus robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) by a single surgeon.

Methods: During a 14-month period, 279 patients with localized carcinoma of the prostate were prospectively enrolled in this comparative study. The decision of which surgical approach to use was by patient choice.

Metastatic testicular seminoma to the prostate.

Prostatic involvement by seminoma is extremely rare. Four case studies have reported primary seminoma of the prostate. Three previous reports have been published of primary testicular seminoma with metastasis to the prostate.

Pediatric urological causes of hypertension.

Purpose: We reviewed the association of hypertension with several common pediatric urological conditions.

Materials And Methods: We comprehensively reviewed the published literature linking hypertension with urinary tract infection, renal scarring, vesicoureteral reflux, multicystic dysplastic kidney, ureteropelvic junction obstruction and posterior urethral valves.

Results: Hypertension is a recognized sequela of several common pediatric urological conditions.

Surgical complications of urinary diversion.

We comprehensively reviewed the published literature on urinary diversion, specifically examining the surgical complications associated with conduit, continent cutaneous diversion and orthotopic urinary diversion. Appropriate patient selection and adherence to proper surgical technique are of paramount importance in preventing surgical complications of urinary diversion. Complications can be broadly divided into those related to bowel, conduit or reservoir, stoma and ureterointestinal anastomosis.

Benefit of radical cystectomy in the elderly patient with significant co-morbidities.

Although recent series have demonstrated that radical cystectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients, few if any, have examined the long-term success of this procedure. We sought to determine the long-term benefit and survival outcomes after radical cystectomy in the elderly, high operative risk patient. We reviewed the records of all patients undergoing radical cystectomy between July 1994 and January 2000.

The effects of adjunctive topiramate on cognitive function in patients with epilepsy.

Purpose: We investigated possible cognitive effects of topiramate (TPM) in polypharmacy on patients with intractable epilepsy.

Methods: Study 1 evaluated 22 consecutively admitted patients whose antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on admission to the Montreal Neurological Hospital included TPM. Performance on neuropsychological tests administered on and subsequently off TPM was analyzed.

Implicit partisanship: taking sides for no reason.

After spending 45 s studying the names of 4 members of a hypothetical group, subjects showed both implicit liking and implicit identification with the group. These effects of studying names were much larger than the mere exposure (R. B.

Emotional responses to changing feedback: is it better to have won and lost than never to have won at all?

Two experiments investigated how self-esteem guides people's emotional responses to changing evaluative feedback. In both experiments, participants received an initial evaluation (either positive or negative) followed by a second evaluation (either positive or negative). Emotional reactions to the second evaluation were then assessed.

A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept.

This theoretical integration of social psychology's main cognitive and affective constructs was shaped by 3 influences: (a) recent widespread interest in automatic and implicit cognition, (b) development of the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D.

Using the implicit association test to measure self-esteem and self-concept.

Experiment 1 used the Implicit Association Test (IAT; A. G. Greenwald, D.

Gram-negative identification card for identification of Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and other Enterobacteriaceae isolated from foods: collaborative study.

Twelve laboratories evaluated the Gram-Negative Identification (GNI) Card to identify members of the Enterobacteriaceae. Eighty-four isolates, previously isolated from foods, were used in the collaborative study; the isolates represented 12 genera within the Enterobacteriaceae group. Each collaborator streaked each isolate on tryptic soy agar plates for purity.

Norms for free associations and five types of constrained associations.

Normative data on verbal free associations and constrained associations of five types (opposites, superordinates, examples of categories, coordinates, and properties) were collected from 72 men and 72 women (mean age, 19.2 yr.).