Effects of maternal Cu, Mn, and Zn supplementation from different sources on physiological and productive responses of cows and their offspring.

Seventy-two non-lactating, pregnant Angus cows (initial body weight (BW) = 637 ± 13 kg; body condition score (BCS) = 5.5 ± 0.07 yr; and age = 6.

Patterns and correlates of two-year changes in depressive symptoms for autistic adults.

Background: Autistic adults are at elevated risk for depression. However, longitudinal data on the trajectory of depressive symptoms and its associated factors in autistic adults are scarce.

Methods: A community sample of 315 autistic adults participated in a two-year longitudinal study from the beginning of (March 2020) to the recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2022).

Associations between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hormone levels, major depression features and antidepressant effects of ketamine.

Background: Subanesthetic doses of (R,S)-ketamine (ketamine) have demonstrated rapid and robust antidepressant effects in individuals with depression. However, individual variability in response to ketamine exists, and current biomarkers of ketamine treatment response are not entirely understood. Preclinical evidence suggests a link between hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, a determinant of the stress response system, and ketamine's efficacy in stressed mice exhibiting enhanced antidepressant responses.

Slipping Away: Slippage in Hazard Ratios Over Datacuts and Its Impact on Immuno-oncology Combination Economic Evaluations.

Objectives: This study examines the impact of slippage in hazard ratios (tending toward the null over subsequent datacuts) for overall survival for combination treatment with a PD-(L)-1 inhibitor and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Methods: Four trials' Kaplan-Meier curves were digitized over several datacuts and fitted with standard parametric curves. Accuracy and consistency of early data projections were calculated versus observed restricted mean survival time and fitted lifetime survival from the longest follow-up datacut.

Analysis of the neuromuscular deficits caused by STAM1 deficiency.

The endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) pathway is composed of a series of protein complexes that are essential for sorting cargo through the endosome. In neurons, the ESCRT pathway is a key mediator of many cellular pathways that regulate neuronal morphogenesis as well as synaptic growth and function. The ESCRT-0 complex, consisting of HGS (hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate) and STAM (signal-transducing adaptor molecule), acts as a gate keeper to this pathway, ultimately determining the fate of the endosomal cargo.

Current Challenges in Monitoring Low Contaminant Levels of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water Matrices in the Field.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of the United States recently released the first-ever federal regulation on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for drinking water. While this represents an important landmark, it also brings about compliance challenges to the stakeholders in the drinking water industry as well as concerns to the general public. In this work, we address some of the most important challenges associated with measuring low concentrations of PFASs in drinking water in the field in real drinking water matrices.

Experiences, acceptability and feasibility of an isometric exercise intervention for stage 1 hypertension: embedded qualitative study in a randomised controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Healthy lifestyle changes for patients with stage 1 hypertension are recommended before antihypertensive medication. Exercise has antihypertensive benefits; however, low adoption and high attrition are common. Patients need easily adoptable, effective and manageable exercise interventions that can be sustained for life.

Medical negligence under pressure: obligations of clinicians and healthcare services in the setting of resource limitations.

Healthcare provision takes place in a variety of contexts, with variations of resources available to practitioners and their patients. Effects from the COVID-19 pandemic superimposed on existing system demands have driven increasing concern about resource limitations, particularly in rural and remote settings. This article explores the legal liability of medical practitioners and healthcare services with respect to actions in negligence arising from harm to patients suffered, either partly or wholly, as a result of resource limitations.

Injecting postpartal gilts or sows with a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin: effects on sow and piglet performances.

The goal of this project was to determine the effects of a supraphysiological dose of oxytocin given to gilts or multiparous sows 8 to 12 h after the end of farrowing on the performance of their progeny. Sows from three parity groups (1 = parity 1; 2 = parities 2, 3, and 4; 3 = parities 5 to 14) received no injection (CTL, controls;  = 17, 27, and 23 for parity groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) or one intramuscular injection of 75 IU of oxytocin (OXY,  = 17, 24, and 26 for parity groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively) 8 to 12 h after birth of the last piglet. Colostrum samples were obtained 8 h after oxytocin injection in 18 sows from parity group 2 (CTL,  = 10; OXY,  = 8).

Clinical Outcome Assessments and Digital Health Technologies Supporting Clinical Trial Endpoints in Early Parkinson's Disease: Roundtable Proceedings and Roadmap for Research.

This article summarizes the Parkinson's Disease (PD) Endpoints Roundtable, which was held in Washington, D.C., on November 2-3, 2022, and hosted by The Michael J.

Spindle chirp and other sleep oscillatory features in young children with autism.

Objectives: To determine whether spindle chirp and other sleep oscillatory features differ in young children with and without autism.

Methods: Automated processing software was used to re-assess an extant set of polysomnograms representing 121 children (91 with autism [ASD], 30 typically-developing [TD]), with an age range of 1.35-8.

Testing an Intervention to Improve Health Care Worker Well-Being During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Stress First Aid is an evidence-informed peer-to-peer support intervention to mitigate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of health care workers (HCWs).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a tailored peer-to-peer support intervention compared with usual care to support HCWs' well-being at hospitals and federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cluster randomized clinical trial comprised 3 cohorts of HCWs who were enrolled from March 2021 through July 2022 at 28 hospitals and FQHCs in the US.

Measurement Invariance in Intellectual and Developmental Disability Research.

Measurement invariance (MI) is a psychometric property of an instrument indicating the degree to which scores from an instrument are comparable across groups. In recent years, there has been a marked uptick in publications using MI in intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) samples. Our goal here is to provide an overview of why MI is important to IDD researchers and to describe some challenges to evaluating it, with an eye towards nudging our subfield into a more thoughtful and measured interpretation of studies using MI.

Parity affects mammary development in late-pregnant swine.

The goal of this project was to determine whether various measures of mammary development differed between gilts and multiparous sows at the end of gestation. During gestation, Yorkshire × Landrace gilts ( = 19) and sows (second and third gestations,  = 17) were fed one daily meal of a conventional corn-based diet, where the amount fed was based on body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) at mating. On day 110 ± 1 of gestation, a jugular blood sample was obtained from all gilts and sows to measure insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose, free fatty acids, and urea.

Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period.

The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to body weight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.

Reproductive Coercion and Abuse: The Potential Protective Scope of Existing Family Violence Legislation in Australia.

Reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) removes or reduces reproductive autonomy and decision-making. RCA-focused research is mostly situated within a health care perspective, with much less focus on sociolegal or criminological considerations. This article reports a summary of findings from an examination of existing Australian family violence legislation to discern whether these provisions could facilitate improved responses to RCA.

Are clinically unimportant findings qualified as benign in lumbar spine imaging reports? A content analysis of plain X-ray, CT and MRI reports.

Background: Lumbar spine diagnostic imaging reports may cause patient and clinician concern when clinically unimportant findings are not explicitly described as benign. Our primary aim was to determine the frequency that common, benign findings are reported in lumbar spine plain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports as either normal for age or likely clinically unimportant.

Methods: We obtained 600 random de-identified adult lumbar spine imaging reports (200 X-ray, 200 CT and 200 MRI) from a large radiology provider.

Participatory community action research in homeless shelters: Outcomes for shelter residents and service-learning research assistants.

The article reports empirical outcomes of an ongoing transdisciplinary participatory community action research project that implements behavioral activation in homeless shelters. The overall goal of this Project is twofold: (1) to improve psychosocial functioning of shelter residents and enhance their opportunities to overcome homelessness; and (2) to enhance civic development of service-learning students who assist in Project implementation. Two studies are reported, representing these goals.

School-based interventions TO Prevent Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender-Based Violence: STOP-DRV-GBV systematic review.

Background: Schools have a duty of care to prevent violence between students but a significant amount of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence occurs in schools. These are important public health issues with important longitudinal consequences for young people.

Objectives: To understand functioning and effectiveness of school-based interventions for the prevention of dating and relationship violence and gender-based violence.

Differences in Sleep EEG Coherence and Spindle Metrics in Toddlers With and Without Language Delay: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Sleep plays a crucial role in early language development, and sleep disturbances are common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Examining sleep microarchitecture in toddlers with and without language delays can offer key insights into neurophysiological abnormalities associated with atypical neurodevelopmental trajectories and potentially aid in early detection and intervention.

Methods: Here, we investigated electroencephalogram (EEG) coherence and sleep spindles in 16 toddlers with language delay (LD) compared with a group of 39 typically developing (TD) toddlers.