Identifying the origin of Yemeni green coffee beans using near infrared spectroscopy: a promising tool for traceability and sustainability.

Yemeni smallholder coffee farmers face several challenges, including the ongoing civil conflict, limited rainfall levels for irrigation, and a lack of post-harvest processing infrastructure. Decades of political instability have affected the quality, accessibility, and reputation of Yemeni coffee beans. Despite these challenges, Yemeni coffee is highly valued for its unique flavor profile and is considered one of the most valuable coffees in the world.