Combination of Bremachlorin PDT and immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1 shows response in murine immunological T-cell high and T-cell low PDAC models.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most challenging types of cancer with little or no response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been shown to ablate tumors and induce an immune response. In our study, we investigated the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), using the photosensitizer Bremachlorin, in its ability to reduce tumor burden and to sensitize immunologically T-cell high and T-cell low murine PDAC tumors to the ICI that blocks programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint.

Childhood Mandatory Vaccinations: Current Situation in European Countries and Changes Occurred from 2014 to 2024.

: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, preventing millions of deaths globally each year. However, vaccine hesitancy, driven by misinformation and reduced disease risk perception, has led to declining vaccination rates and the resurgence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in Europe. In response to this, countries have implemented various strategies, including mandatory and recommended vaccination programs.

Cytogenetically Balanced Reciprocal Translocation Could Hide Molecular Genomic Unbalances: Implications for Foetal Phenotype Correlation.

When an increased nuchal translucency (>3.00 mm) is observed during the echographic examination of a foetus in the first trimester of pregnancy, an increased risk of chromosomopathy is considered, and the pregnant woman is offered the possibility of an invasive investigation. Here, we focused our attention on prenatal diagnosis issues in cases of foetuses with cytogenetically balanced reciprocal translocations.

Efficacy of polygenic risk scores and digital technologies for INNOvative personalized cardiovascular disease PREVention in high-risk adults: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for primary prevention. Personalized prevention, based on genetic risk scores (PRS) and digital technologies, holds promise in revolutionizing CVD preventive strategies. However, the clinical efficacy of these interventions requires further investigation.

Deceived by the Fick principle: blood flow distribution in heart failure.

Aims: The Fick principle states that oxygen uptake (V̇O2) is cardiac output (Qc) * arterial-venous O2 content difference [ΔC(a-v)O2]. Blood flow distribution is hidden in Fick principle, and its relevance during exercise in heart failure (HF) is undefined. To highlight the role of blood flow distribution, we evaluated peak exercise V̇O2, Qc, and ΔC(a-v)O2, before and after HF therapeutic interventions.

Coastal cultural ecosystem services and adolescents' subjective well-being.

Despite growing recognition of nature's impact on mental health, its specific effects on adolescents remain unclear. This gap hinders effective strategies for youth well-being in a world facing increasing environmental pressures. This study directly investigates the connections between coastal environments and subjective well-being in adolescents.

Orthogonal analysis of mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease patients.

The etiopathology of Parkinson's disease has been associated with mitochondrial defects at genetic, laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical levels. These converging lines of evidence suggest that mitochondrial defects are systemic and causative factors in the pathophysiology of PD, rather than being mere correlates. Understanding mitochondrial biology in PD at a granular level is therefore crucial from both basic science and translational perspectives.

Glycemic Control, Basal/Bolus Distribution, BMI and Meal Management in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes and Advanced Hybrid Closed Loop.

Evidence about the impact of advanced hybrid closed loop (AHCL) on body mass index (BMI) and eating habits in children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is lacking. This real-world study aimed at evaluating glycemic control, BMI, meals and basal/bolus distribution in young subjects with T1D treated by AHCL. Glycemic metrics, HbA1c, basal/bolus distribution, meals/day, BMI, total daily dose (TDD), and carbohydrates/kg (CHO/kg) have been evaluated in 83 subjects, aged 13 ± 4.

Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine: A Position Paper on Personalized Medicine in Sustainable Healthcare.

Introduction: Over the last decade, the emergence and spread of personalized medicine (PM) have defined a substantial revolution in healthcare. In principle, healthcare system sustainability is challenged by the investments required for research and development, as well as the adoption of PM techniques in routine clinical care. The "Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalized Medicine" (IC2PerMed) EU-funded project aims to integrate China into the "International Consortium for Personalized Medicine" (ICPerMed).

Intensive sea urchin harvest rescales population structure and threatens self-sustenance.

The harvest of the edible sea urchin is intensively practiced in some regions of the Western Mediterranean Sea. The removal of the largest individuals can determine an overall reduction in population size and a size class truncation that can lead to a drastic drop the self-sustenance. The aim of this study is to evaluate the variability of the population reproductive potential across 5 years in one of the main harvest hotspots of Sardinia (Western Mediterranean Sea).

Thermal Therapy Modulation of the Psoriasis-Associated Skin and Gut Microbiome.

Introduction: Psoriasis is a systemic immune-mediated disease primarily manifesting as skin redness and inflammation. Balneotherapy proved to be a successful non-pharmacological option to reduce the skin areas affected by the disease, but the specific mechanisms underlying this effect have not been elucidated yet. Here we test the hypothesis that the effect of thermal treatments on psoriatic lesions could be partially mediated by changes in the resident microbial population, i.

Genomic Complexity and Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements in Genetic Diagnosis: Two Illustrative Cases on Chromosome 7.

Complex chromosomal rearrangements are rare events compatible with survival, consisting of an imbalance and/or position effect of one or more genes, that contribute to a range of clinical presentations. The investigation and diagnosis of these cases are often difficult. The interpretation of the pattern of pairing and segregation of these chromosomes during meiosis is important for the assessment of the risk and the type of imbalance in the offspring.

Intrapulmonary distribution of blood flow during exercise in pulmonary hypertension assessed by a new combination technique.

Background: Hyperventilation and inadequate cardiac output (CO) increase are the main causes of exercise limitation in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Intrapulmonary blood flow partitioning between ventilated and unventilated lung zones is unknown. Thoracic impedance cardiography and inert gas rebreathing have been both validated in PH patients for non-invasive measurement of CO and pulmonary blood flow (PBF), respectively.

Mechanistic multiscale modelling of energy metabolism in human astrocytes reveals the impact of morphology changes in Alzheimer's Disease.

Astrocytes with their specialised morphology are essential for brain homeostasis as metabolic mediators between blood vessels and neurons. In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), astrocytes adopt reactive profiles with molecular and morphological changes that could lead to the impairment of their metabolic support and impact disease progression. However, the underlying mechanisms of how the metabolic function of human astrocytes is impaired by their morphological changes in AD are still elusive.

Effect of parabranchial position on ventilatory pressures in the Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi).

The mechanics of ventilation in elasmobranchs have been described as a two-pump system which is dependent on the generation of differential pressures between the orobranchial and parabranchial cavities. However, this general model does not take into account sources of variation in parabranchial form and function. For example, the relative pressures that drive flow in each parabranchial chamber during ventilation remain largely unexplored.

Milk fatty acid profile from grass feeding strategies on 2 Holstein genotypes: Implications for health and technological properties.

The objective of the study was to determine if a feeding system with a variable supply of grass promoted rapid changes in the fatty acid profile and technological and health indices of milk obtained from North American (NAHF) and New Zealand (NZHF) Holstein-Friesian cows. Two feeding strategies were conducted: fixed grass (GFix) and maximized grass intake when available (GMax). The results showed that as the grass intake increased in the GMax treatments, the relative amount of palmitic acid in milk decreased, whereas oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and conjugated linoleic acids increased, causing a reduction in the atherogenic, thrombogenic, and spreadability calculated indices.

Who to escalate during a pandemic? A retrospective observational study about decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Background: Optimal decision-making regarding who to admit to critical care in pandemic situations remains unclear. We compared age, Clinical Frailty Score (CFS), 4C Mortality Score and hospital mortality in two separate COVID-19 surges based on the escalation decision made by the treating physician.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all referrals to critical care during the first COVID-19 surge (cohort 1, March/April 2020) and a late surge (cohort 2, October/November 2021) was undertaken.

Integrating China in the international consortium for personalised medicine. a position paper on healthcare professionals' education and citizens' empowerment in personalised medicine.

Background: Personalised medicine (PM) has been fostered by technological and medical advances, but all stakeholders, including healthcare professionals, citizens and policy makers, should achieve adequate health literacy to promote PM implementation. The "Integrating China in the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine" (IC2PerMed) project, funded by the International Consortium for Personalised Medicine, focuses on this issue by highlighting the need to educate healthcare professionals and empower citizens. Within the aforementioned project, building on a mapping of European and Chinese policies in PM, experts in the field of PM participated in an online workshop and a following two-round Delphi survey, in order to identify the priority areas of intervention for healthcare professionals' education and curricula, engagement and empowerment of citizens and patients.

The clinical features, management and outcomes of lymphoma in pregnancy: A multicentre study by the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance.

Lymphoma in pregnancy (LIP) presents unique clinical, social and ethical challenges; however, the evidence regarding this clinical scenario is limited. We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study reporting on the features, management, and outcomes of LIP in patients diagnosed between January 2009 and December 2020 at 16 sites in Australia and New Zealand for the first time. We included diagnoses occurring either during pregnancy or within the first 12 months following delivery.

An IT Platform Supporting Rectal Cancer Tumor Board Activities: Implementation Process and Impact Analysis.

Colorectal cancer (RC) is the third most common cancer, with an increasing incidence in recent years. Digital health solutions supporting multidisciplinary tumor boards (MTBs) could improve positive outcomes for RC patients. This paper describes the implementation process of a digital solution within the RC-MTB and its impact analysis in the context of the Fondazione Policlinico 'A.

Effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection, symptomatic disease, and hospitalization: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness of the current Sars-Cov2 vaccine regimens against Omicron infection. A secondary endpoint aims to investigate the waning effectiveness of primary vaccination against symptomatic infection and related hospitalization.

Research Design And Methods: The systematic review started on 1 December 2021 and was concluded on 1 March 2022.

Topical prebiotics/postbiotics and PRURISCORE validation in atopic dermatitis. International study of 396 patients.

To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a cream (Rilastil Xerolact PB) containing a mixture of prebiotics and postbiotics, and to validate the PRURISCORE itch scale in the management of atopic dermatitis. The study is based on 396 subjects of both sexes in three age groups (i.e.