Effect Of Internal Mammary Artery Harvesting With And Without Pleurotomy On Respiratory Complications In Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

Background: Respiratory problems are one of the major issues faced by cardiovascular surgeons, which increase morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). It is possible to harvest the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) without opening the left pleura; however this cannot be reliably achieved in all cases due to intimate anatomical relationship. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of internal mammary artery harvesting with and without pleurotomy on respiratory complications in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.

Comparison of toxic heavy metals concentration in medicinal plants and their respective branded herbal formulations commonly available in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

The present study was conducted on fifteen medicinal plants and their respective branded formulations, commonly used in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, for the evaluation of toxic heavy metals. The purpose of the study was to assess the toxic profile of the crude medicinal plants with respect to the worldwide permissible limits of metal concentrations and to correlate it with their respective herbal formulations available on the market. Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Manganese (Mn) and Nickel (Ni) content were evaluated using wet digestion and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry technique.

Report: Comprehensive nutrients analysis of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum.

The current study was undertaken to estimate the concentration of micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni, Cd, Cr, Co, Sb and Mn), macronutrients (Na, Ca and K) and essential life nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates and ascorbic acid) along with ash, fiber and moisture contents. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was employed for the analysis of micronutrients while flame photometry for macronutrients. For proximate analysis (proteins, fats, carbohydrates, ash, fibers and moisture), Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods (AOAC) were used and titration method for ascorbic acid determination.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of certain Morus species.

In the present work, the fruits of four Morus species, namely Morus alba (white mulberry), Morus nigra (black mulberry), Morus laevigata (large white fruit), and Morus laevigata (large black fruit), were analyzed for proximate composition, essential minerals, and antioxidant potentials. For this purpose, the ripe fruits were collected from the northern regions of Pakistan. The major nutritional components (moisture, ash, lipids, proteins, fibres, carbohydrates, and total sugar) were found to be in the suitable range along with good computed energy.

Fast tracking in adult cardiac surgery at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences.

Background: Early extubation after cardiac operation is an important aspect of fast-track cardiac anaesthesia. The length of stay in ICU limits utilisation of operation theatre in cardiac surgery. Increasing cost, limited resources, and newer surgical strategies have stimulated effectiveness of all routines in cardiac surgery, anaesthesia, and intensive care.