The prevalence of hypertension in children with renal scars.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a late outcome of congenital or acquired renal scar. We used ambulatory blood pressure to assess the early blood pressure abnormalities in children with history of urinary tract infection with various degrees of renal scars.

Methods: Between 2009 and 2011, 60 (45 females, 15 males) children aged 5-15 years and height equal or more than 120 cm with previous history of febrile urinary tract infection were entered into the study.

An unusual case of calcineurine inhibitor pain syndrome.

Cyclosporine induced pain syndrome (CIPS) is a newly diagnosed complication of calcineurine inhibitors, mainly observed in solid organ and hematopoetic transplantations. The present case is a male child with steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome on low therapeutic level cyclosporine treatment. He presented with intractable and debilitating leg pain, with no reported history of previous injury or trauma.

Carotid artery function in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome.

Background: Nephrotic patients are prone to atherosclerosis in consequence of frequent exposures to hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and immunosuppressive drugs.

Objectives: We studied the carotid parameters as early indicators of atherosclerosis in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: Between 2008 and 2011, 51 children with history of nephrotic syndrome enrolled in the study.

The correlation between bladder volume wall index and the pattern of uroflowmetry/external sphincter electromyography in children with lower urinary tract malfunction.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between bladder volume wall index (BVWI) and the pattern of uroflowmetry in children with lower urinary tract malfunction.

Patients & Methods: 91 children aged 4-15 years with history of bladder dysfunction and 59 age/sex-matched healthy children with negative urine culture in previous month were enrolled. Uroflowmetry and kidney and bladder sonography were performed in all children.

Correlation between Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System, Behavior Check List, and Bladder Sonography in Children with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

Purpose: The Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Scoring System (PLUTSS) is a standardized questionnaire used for screening and evaluation of the response of children with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) to therapy. We presumed that adding the Child Behavior Check List (CBCL) and bladder volume wall index (BVWI) to the PLUTSS would increase its validity in the detection of children with LUTS.

Materials And Methods: One hundred twenty-two children aged 5 to 15 years with LUTS were enrolled in the study.

Sonographic measurement of uterus and ovaries in premenarcheal healthy girls between 6 and 13 years old: correlation with age and pubertal status.

Background: To provide normal references of sonographic uterine and ovarian size in premenarcheal healthy girls aged 6-13 years in different stages of puberty.

Methods: Two hundred forty girls were enrolled into the study (mean age ± SD, 9.5 ± 1.

McKusick-Kaufman Syndrome: Atretic Upper Vaginal Pouch; an Unusual Urogenital MR Finding.

McKusick-Kaufman syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disease diagnosed by polydactyly, hydrometrocolpos, and congenital heart disease. We present an unusual laparotomy confirmed urogenital MRI finding (atretic vaginal pouch) in a 3-month-old girl with McKusick-Kaufman syndrome. Up to our knowledge, this MR finding has not been reported in the literature yet.

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma with early pulmonary metastasis in a child.

Although a few cases of vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma (CCAC) have been reported in the ages under 14, they have presented in a much more aggressive form than the CCAC cases in higher ages and parenchymal pulmonary metastasis are known to occur following the primary tumor. This is a case report of a primary vaginal CCAC in an 8.6-year-old girl with no history of DES exposure who presented with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain and the imaging signs of pulmonary metastasis at the presentation.

Common bile duct stone associated with hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Cholelithiasis is an unusual complication of hemolytic uremic syndrome. A 12-year-old boy with hemolytic uremic syndrome, established by renal biopsy, who developed cholestatic jaundice is presented here. Laboratory results for secondary causes of hemolytic uremic syndrome were normal.