Prevalence of the and genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia.

Introduction: Infections of humans and animals by multidrug resistant bacteria are increasing because of the inappropriate use of antibiotics. Disease management may be more challenging if produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which could cause resistance to aztreonam and third-generation cephalosporins. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of the and genes among ESBL-producing isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia.

Detection of virulence gene of multidrug-resistant species isolated from the cloacal swab of broiler chickens in Blitar district, East Java, Indonesia.

Background And Aim: The increasing number of multidrug-resistant (MDR) species on poultry farms in Indonesia has caused concern regarding human health. This study was conducted to determine the presence of the virulence gene A in MDR species isolated from the cloacal swab of broiler chickens in Blitar district, East Java Province, Indonesia.

Materials And Methods: Cloacal swab samples were collected by purposive sampling from 15 farms in four districts.

The Adjunctive Use of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents in the Management of Iris Neovascularisation in Malaysia.

This retrospective study investigated the role of antivascular endothelial growth factor agents (VEGF), ranibizumab, bevacizumab and pegaptanib sodium in patients with iris neovascularisation (INV), in which 9 eyes received intraocular injections for various ischaemic ocular conditions. Ocular sequelae included recurrence of rubeosis (n=2) and hyphaema (n=2). Systemic complication included one case of cerebrovascular accident.

The two-minute approach to monocular diplopia.

Objective: To describe a quick and simple diagnostic approach to monocular diplopia.

Background: Diplopia is a common visual complain in casualty departments, general practice clinics, neurologic clinics as well as ophthalmic clinics. Monocular diplopia, however, is uncommon.

Comparison between the panoptic ophthalmoscope and the conventional direct ophthalmoscope in the detection of sight threatening diabetic retinopathy: the kuching diabetic eye study.

Objective: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the conventional direct ophthalmoscope and the PanOptic ophthalmoscope in the detection of sight threatening retinopathy, as well as the "Ease of Use" of these equipments.

Methods: 200 diabetics, newly referred from primary health physicians were examined. Fundus examinations were performed with pupil dilatation in a dark room.

Rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis: a treatment dilemma.

A case of rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis is presented showing its aggressive nature and progression of disease. The typical clinical features, neuroimaging and histological findings are highlighted in this report. Amphotericin B and surgical debridement remain the mainstay of treatment.

A case of trauma related Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Acanthamoeba is an uncommon cause of keratitis but one of the most severe because of the prolonged and painful course of the disease and poor visual outcome. Although contact lens use is the principal risk factor, about 10% of cases occur following trauma and exposure to contaminated soil or water. Two cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis involving women contact lens wearers have previously been reported in Malaysia but this is the first time, a non contact lens related Acanthamoeba keratitis is reported.