Occlusion Outcomes in Unilateral Amblyopia Types: A Longitudinal and Interventional Study in Children from the Marrakech-Safi Region.

Objective: To investigate if the type of unilateral amblyopia can impact the improvement of visual acuity in amblyopic eyes during a longitudinal interventional study involving standard occlusion therapy in children.

Methods: A longitudinal and interventional study of 91 children, aged 3-9 years (6.12 ± 1.

Compliance and Determinants of Spectacle Wear Among Moroccan Adults Residing Beni-Mellal Khénifra Region.

Background And Objective: Ensuring a high level of adherence to wearing spectacles is essential to preserve eye health and achieve optimal vision correction. Comprehending the factors influencing adherence to wearing spectacles can inform strategies to improve eye care outcomes. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors influencing adherence to wearing spectacles among Moroccan adults residing the Beni-Mellal Khenifra region.

Atmospheric pollutants response to the emission reduction and meteorology during the COVID-19 lockdown in the north of Africa (Morocco).

Unlabelled: Climate and air quality change due to COVID-19 lockdown (LCD) are extremely concerned subjects of several research recently. The contribution of meteorological factors and emission reduction to air pollution change over the north of Morocco has been investigated in this study using the framework generalized additive models, that have been proved to be a robust technique for the environmental data sets, focusing on main atmospheric pollutants in the region including ozone (O), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), particulate matter (PM and PM), secondary inorganic aerosols (SIA), nom-methane volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide (CO) from the regional air pollution dataset of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service. Our results, indicate that secondary air pollutants (PM, PM and O) are more influenced by metrological factors and the other air pollutants reported by this study (NO and SO.

Air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown over the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, France.

Unlabelled: Under the rapid spread of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) worldwide, a complete lockdown was imposed in France from March 17th to May 11th, 2020 to limit the virus spread. This lockdown affected significantly the atmospheric pollution levels due to the restrictions of human activities. In the present study, we investigate the evolution of air quality in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, focusing on nine atmospheric pollutants (NO, NO, PM, PM, O, VOC, CO, SO, and isoprene).

Atmospheric photochemistry and secondary aerosol formation of urban air in Lyon, France.

Photochemical aging of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere is an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). To evaluate the formation potential of SOA at an urban site in Lyon (France), an outdoor experiment using a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) oxidation flow reactor (OFR) was conducted throughout entire days during January-February 2017. Diurnal variation of SOA formations and their correlation with OH radical exposure (OHexp), ambient pollutants (VOCs and particulate matters, PM), Relative Humidity (RH), and temperature were explored in this study.

Collimator and Energy Window Evaluation in Ga-67 Imaging by Monte Carlo Simulation.

Objectives: Gallium-67 (Ga-67) imaging is affected by collimator penetration and scatter components owing to the high-energy (HE) gamma-ray emissions. The characterization of penetration and scatter distribution is essential for the optimization of low-energy high-resolution (LEHR), medium energy (ME), and HE collimators and for the development of an effective correction technique. We compared the image quality that can be achieved by 3 collimators for different energy windows using the SIMIND Monte Carlo code.

Optimization of Scatter Correction Method in Samarium-153 Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography using Triple-Energy Window: A Monte Carlo Simulation Study.

Purpose: In single-photon emission computed tomography imaging, the presence of scatter degrades image quality. The goal of this study is to optimize the main- and sub-energy windows for triple-energy window (TEW) method using Monte Carlo SImulating Medical Imaging Nuclear Detectors (SIMIND) code for samarium-153 (Sm-153) imaging.

Materials And Methods: The comparison is based on the Monte Carlo simulation data with the results estimated using TEW method.

Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Interventional Radiology.

Purpose: Interventional cardiology procedures, during which live images are acquired, involve exposure to x-rays. The use of fluoroscopy can cause high radiation doses to patients and operators because of the prolonged duration of x-ray emission. For this reason, special attention and constant vigilance represent challenges for commissions and groups of experts in the field.

Energy Window and Collimator Optimization in Lutetium-177 Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging using Monte Carlo Simulation.

Introduction: In lutetium-177 (Lu-177) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, the accuracy of activity quantification is degraded by penetrated and scattered photons. We assessed the scattered photon fractions in order to determine the optimal situation and development of correction method. This study proposes to compare the image quality that can be achieved by three collimators.

Mammography Dose Survey Using International Quality Standards.

Digital mammography is the current standard for breast cancer screening. The absence of any dosimetric data, the quality standards, and the fear of radiation detriment, sometimes, hampers the smooth introduction of this technology and the launch of breast cancer screening programmes. As the breast cancer screening programmes are in development in Morocco, quality standards have been set in this study, so that any new breast cancer screening service could get started with their first analysis.

Comparison of Image Quality of Different Radionuclides Technetium-99m, Samarium-153, and Iodine-123.

Introduction: The choice of the radionuclide has a key role in nuclear medicine which appearing the lowest scatter fraction. In addition, the presence of penetrated and scattered photons from collimator in single-photon emission computed tomography images degrades resolution and contrast. Thus, image quality depends on sensitivity and resolution of the collimator-detector system.

Photochemical aging and secondary organic aerosols generated from limonene in an oxidation flow reactor.

Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) are increasingly used to study the formation and evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. The OH/HO and OH/O ratios in OFRs are similar to tropospheric ratios. In the present work, we investigated the production of SOA generated by OH oxydation and ozonolysis of limonene in OFR as a function of OH exposure and O exposure.

Energy Window and Contrast Optimization for Single-photon Emission Computed Tomography Bremsstrahlung Imaging with Yttrium-90.

Purpose: In yttrium-90 (Y-90) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging, the choice of the acquisition energy window is not trivial, due to the continuous and broad energy distribution of the bremsstrahlung photons. In this work, we investigate the effects of the energy windows on the image contrast to noise ratio (CNR), in order to select the optimal energy window for Y-90 imaging.

Materials And Methods: We used the Monte Carlo SIMIND code to simulate the Jaszczak phantom which consists of the six hot spheres filled with Y-90 and ranging from 9.

Evaluation of Acceptance Angle in Iodine-131 Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging with Monte Carlo Simulation.

Introduction: In iodine-131 (I-131) imaging, the image quality is degraded by scatter and penetration in a collimator. In this work, we assessed the penetrated and the scattered photon fractions in the photopeak energy window using Monte Carlo Simulation code.

Materials And Methods: The Siemens Medical System equipped with high-energy collimator was simulated.

RADON EXHALATION FROM BUILDING MATERIALS USED IN YEMEN.

The present article seeks to determine the annual effective doses of 222Rn exposure, effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in some building materials from the local market of Ibb province, Yemen. A total of 33 samples of building materials were collected from the target area. The radon exhalation rate and effective radium content in these samples were measured using solid-state nuclear track detector, which has become an important tool in every investigation of the radon levels in the surrounding environment.

Comparative study of four advanced 3d-conformal radiation therapy treatment planning techniques for head and neck cancer.

For the head-and-neck cancer bilateral irradiation, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is the most reported technique as it enables both target dose coverage and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing. However, during the last 20 years, three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) techniques have been introduced, which are tailored to improve the classic shrinking field technique, as regards both planning target volume (PTV) dose conformality and sparing of OAR's, such as parotid glands and spinal cord. In this study, we tested experimentally in a sample of 13 patients, four of these advanced 3DCRT techniques, all using photon beams only and a unique isocentre, namely Bellinzona, Forward-Planned Multisegments (FPMS), ConPas, and field-in-field (FIF) techniques.

Evaluation of paediatric X-ray doses in Moroccan university hospitals.

This work evaluates the entrance skin dose (ESD), the body organ dose (BOD) and the effective dose (E) for chest X-ray exposures of paediatric patients. Two Moroccan university hospitals in Rabat, composed of two departments, and one in Casablanca with one paediatric compartment has been considered. For reasons of confidentiality, the departments are named A, B and C.