Biologically based strategies for overcoming in vivo barriers with functional nano-delivery systems.

Nanomedicine has been developed to reduce or eliminate the side effects and toxicity upon systemic therapy of chemotherapeutic agents and to improve their therapeutic efficacy. However, the translation of non-sized or nano-encapsulated drugs is hampered by the low penetration and accumulation of engineered nanoparticles (NPs) in sites of tumors as well as their poor pharmacokinetics. This may be due to the synthetic structure of NPs and also complicated and unknown characteristics of the solid tumor microenvironment (TME).

Oncolytic viruses improve cancer immunotherapy by reprogramming solid tumor microenvironment.

Immunotherapies using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy have achieved successful results against several types of human tumors, particularly hematological malignancies. However, their clinical results for the treatment of solid tumors remain poor and unsatisfactory. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role by interfering with intratumoral T-cell infiltration, promoting effector T-cell exhaustion, upregulating inhibitory molecules, inducing hypoxia, and so on.

Guillain-Barré syndrome in a patient infected with SARS-CoV-2, a case report.

Background: The COVID-19 is a novel condition affecting all the world, so every manifestation of disease should be reported. Neurologic manifestations of the disease are increasingly identified and this will help clinician to improve their diagnostic and therapeutic skills in dealing with COVID-19 patients.

Case: In this article we report a 41-year-old male that developed ascending paresthesia and paralysis following infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Association of mean platelet volume with echocardiographic findings in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a relatively common cause of mortality among patients in the developing countries, and pure mitral valve failure is the most common form of RHD. An increase in the mean platelet volume (MPV) is considered as an independent risk factor for many cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the association of MPV with echocardiographic findings in patients with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis.

Persistent hypocalcemia and hungry bone syndrome after parathyroidectomy and renal transplantation in a patient with end-stage renal disease.

Hungry bone syndrome (HBS) defines as persistent and severe hypocalcemia after parathyroidectomy surgery. It is treated by oral or venous discrimination of calcium carbonate. The present treatment is mostly effective.

Adherence to treatment in patients with Behçet's disease.

Aim: Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, inflammatory disease with multisystem involvement. Adherence to treatment is low in chronic diseases as well as inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. This study assessed factors associated with non-adherence to treatment in patients with BD.

Comparison of IIF, ELISA and IgG avidity tests for the detection of anti-Toxoplasma antibodies in single serum sample from pregnant women.

A valid estimate of test efficiency is needed to choose adequate screening and detecting strategies in diagnosis of acute toxoplasmosis. Therefore, in the present study we evaluated the efficiency of diagnostic laboratory methods to detect anti-toxoplasma antibodies in single serum samples of pregnant women by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IgG avidity tests in north-western Iran. In an analytical-descriptive study, during March 2010 to April 2013, 391 pregnant women aged 21 to 35 years who were referred by gynaecologists or infectious disease specialists for anti-toxoplasma antibody evaluation were studied.

Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone level and relation with size of hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive disorders.

Background: Cognitive disorders and dementia are common problems, and Alzheimer's disease is one of the major leading causes of death worldwide. Thyroid hormone disorders as a common problem effect on hippocampus size which as a prognostic factor in dementia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level and the size of hippocampus in patients with mild cognitive disorders.

Study of pentoxifylline effects on motility and viability of spermatozoa from infertile asthenozoospermic males.

Background: The quality of semen is one of the major parameters in male infertility. Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, is an agent primarily used in the treatment of intermittent claudication and other vascular disorders. Studies have shown that pentoxifylline enhances the quality and quantity of sperms.

Long-term efficacy and safety of interferon α-2a therapy in severe refractory ophthalmic Behcet's disease.

Ophthalmic involvement is the most debilitating complication of Behcet's disease (BD). The aim of the current study is to report on the efficacy and safety of a long-term use of interferon alpha-2a (IFNα-2a) in the treatment of refractory ophthalmic BD in the Azari population of Iran. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 12 patients with ophthalmic BD who were under IFNα-2a therapy.

The relationship between histologic grades of invasive carcinoma of breast ducts and mast cell infiltration.

Introduction: Breast carcinoma is the most prevalent tumors among women. Transformation of inflated cells in immune response leads to increase in inflammatory cells such as macrophages, mast cells (MC) and fibroblasts. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between grades of invasive carcinoma of the breast ducts and MC infiltration around tumoral cells.

Comparative Study of Dermatoscopic and Histopathologic Results in Facial Basal Cell Carcinoma and Melanocytic Nevi.

Background: Dermatoscopy can be applied to diagnose pigmented skin lesions. The aim of the present study was to compare dermatoscopic and histopathologic results in basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanocytic nevus of theface.

Materials And Methods: In an analytical-descriptive study, 61 patients suspected of BCC or melanocytic nevi of face were randomly selected.

Comparative study of intralesional steroid injection and cryotherapy in alopecia areata.

Background And Objectives: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, non-scarring type of hair loss, affecting approximately 2.1% of the population, many modality of treatment recommended like steroid injection, topical Immunotherapy and several systemic therapies. The aim of this study was to compare intralesional steroid injection and cryotherapyoutcomes in AA.