Physical properties of food or bile redirection do not contribute to the intestinal adaptations after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in rats.

Objective: Metabolic and morphological adaptations of the intestine have been suggested to play a role in the various therapeutic benefits of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) surgery. However, the precise underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, the effects of physical properties of ingested food and redirection of biliopancreatic secretions on intestinal remodeling were investigated in RYGB operated rats.

Mechanoscopy: A Novel Device and Procedure for in vivo Detection of Chronic Colitis in Mice.

Background: Gut stiffening caused by fibrosis plays a critical role in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colon cancer. Previous studies have characterized the biomechanical response of healthy and pathological gut, with most measurements obtained ex vivo.

Methods: Here, we developed a device and accompanying procedure for in vivo quantification of gut stiffness, termed mechanoscopy.

Nabilone as an adjunctive to gabapentin for multiple sclerosis-induced neuropathic pain: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a chronic syndrome suffered by patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), for which there is no cure. Underlying cellular mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis are multifaceted, presenting significant challenges in its management.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving 15 relapsing-remitting MS patients with MS-induced NPP was conducted to evaluate nabilone combined with gabapentin (GBP).

Staphylococcus aureus harbouring Enterotoxin A as a possible risk factor for multiple sclerosis exacerbations.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus may produce superantigens that can non-specifically activate CD4(+) cells to potentially target the myelin basic protein.

Objective: This study examined the association between individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and colonization with S. aureus harbouring superantigens.

Fatigue and cognition in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis treated with interferon β.

Introduction: Fatigue and cognitive deficits are common symptoms affecting patients with multiple sclerosis.

Methods: The effects of interferon beta on fatigue and cognitive deficits were assessed in 50 patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis (recruited at a single center). The pre-treatment assessments were performed on visits 1 and 2 (Months 0 and 3).

A treatment algorithm for neuropathic pain: an update.

Objective: The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the neuropathic pain treatment algorithm previously published by Namaka et al. in 2004. This algorithm focuses on the strategic incorporation of the latest pain therapies while providing an update of any recent developments involving medications previously listed in the algorithm.

Examining the roles of cannabinoids in pain and other therapeutic indications: a review.

Importance Of The Field: In recent times, our knowledge of cannabinoids and the endocannabinoid system has greatly advanced. With expanding knowledge, synthetic cannabinoids - including nabilone, dronabinol and a combination of synthetic Delta9-THC and cannabidiol - have been developed and tested for benefit in a variety of therapeutic indications.

Areas Covered In This Review: The aim of this article is to provide a summative review of the vast amount of clinical trial data now available on these agents.