A Novel Controlled Release Implant of Insulin Based on Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Polymer Prepared by Extrusion.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to develop a biodegradable implant with a slow release of insulin to minimize the amount of repeated drug injections in patients.Developing and designing implants with controlled release of active protein has always been a challenge. To optimize and control the release of insulin in this project, the drug complexing mechanism was used by dextran sulfate sodium (DS) and Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) polymer.

Antibacterial activity of a silver-incorporated vancomycin-modified mesoporous silica against methicillin-resistant .

Since conventional antibiotics are almost ineffective on methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, designing their antibacterial alternatives is necessary. Besides, the use of vancomycin is applied for specific detection of the bacteria. Silver-incorporated vancomycin-modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs@Van@Ag NPs) were designed for detection and treatment of MRSA bacteria.

Review of recent preclinical and clinical research on ligand-targeted liposomes as delivery systems in triple negative breast cancer therapy.

Triple-negative breast Cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest types, making up about 20% of all breast cancers. Chemotherapy is the traditional manner of progressed TNBC treatment; however, it has a short-term result with a high reversibility pace. The lack of targeted treatment limited and person-dependent treatment options for those suffering from TNBC cautions to be the worst type of cancer among breast cancer patients.

Preparation, Characterization and In vitro Evaluation of Insulin-PHBV Nanoparticles/Alginate Hydrogel Composite System for Prolonged Delivery of Insulin.

Purpose: In the present study, biodegradable poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanoparticles (NPs) containing insulin were loaded in sodium alginate/jeffamine (ALG/jeff) hydrogel for prolonged delivery of insulin. The main aim of this work was to fabricate an efficient insulin delivery system to improve patient adherence by decreasing the repetition of injections.

Methods: Swelling and morphological properties and crosslinking efficiency of ALG/jeff hydrogel were assessed.

Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drug Loaded Charged PLGA Polymeric Nanoparticles Using Electrostatic Field.

Pure positive electrostatic charges (PPECs) show suppressive effect on the proliferation and metabolism of invasive cancer cells without affecting normal tissues. PPECs are used for the delivery of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (DLNs) capped with negatively charged poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and Poly(vinyl-alcohol) PVA into the tumor site of mouse models. The charged patch is installed on top of the skin in the mouse models' tumor region, and the controlled selective release of the drug is assayed by biochemical, radiological, and histological experiments on both tumorized models and normal rats' livers.

Magnetic Hydrogel for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration as well as a Review on Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Cartilage Repair Strategies.

There is a clear clinical need for efficient cartilage healing strategies for treating cartilage defects which burdens millions of patients physically and financially. Different strategies including microfracture technique, osteochondral transfer, and scaffold-based treatments have been suggested for curing cartilage injuries. Although some improvements have been achieved in several facets, current treatments are still less than satisfactory.

Theranostic Applications of Stimulus-Responsive Systems based on FeO.

According to the interaction of nanoparticles with biological systems, enthusiasm for nanotechnology in biomedical applications has been developed in the past decades. FeO nanoparticles, as the most stable iron oxide, have special merits that make them useful widely for detecting diseases, therapy, drug delivery, and monitoring the therapeutic process. This review presents the fabrication methods of FeO-based materials and their photocatalytic and magnetic properties.

Oral delivery of therapeutic peptides and proteins: Technology landscape of lipid-based nanocarriers.

The oral administration of therapeutic peptides and proteins is favoured from a patient and commercial point of view. In order to reach the systemic circulation after oral administration, these drugs have to overcome numerous barriers including the enzymatic, sulfhydryl, mucus and epithelial barrier. The development of oral formulations for therapeutic peptides and proteins is therefore necessary.

Co-delivery systems: hope for clinical application?

Cancer is a multidimensional and challenging disease to handle. Current statistics reveal that we are far from satisfying cancer treatment. Taking advantage of different therapeutic agents that affect multiple pathways has been established as highly productive.

Nanobodies as powerful pulmonary targeted biotherapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, pharmaceutical point of view.

Background Since December 2019, the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to infect humans and many people died from severe Covid-19 during the last 2 years worldwide. Different approaches are being used for treatment of this infection and its consequences, but limited results have been achieved and new therapeutics are still needed. One of the most interesting biotherapeutics in this era are Nanobodies which have shown very promising results in recent researches.

Effect of oral administration of GnRHa+nanoparticles of chitosan in oogenesis acceleration of goldfish Carassius auratus.

Several methods have been used to accelerate previtellogenesis and vitellogenesis stages in fish, including hormonal induction, sustained-release delivery systems, and oral delivery of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). In this study, we proposed the oral administration of GnRH analog + nanoparticles of chitosan to accelerate oogenesis in goldfish as a model fish in reproductive biology and aquaculture. In this regard, adult female goldfish were fed with six experimental groups: chitosan, 50 μg GnRHa/kg b.

Application of chloroquine as an endosomal escape enhancing agent: new frontiers for an old drug.

Introduction: Adequate transfection efficiency is indispensable to safe and effective delivery of therapeutically active agents, particularly in cancer. Endosomal escape is regarded as a critical and determining step devoted a significant number of studies of the drug/gene delivery field.

Areas Covered: This paper critically reviews the fundamental properties of chloroquine (CQ), its pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and clinical applications and the present knowledge of CQ application as an endosomal escape enhancing agent.

Fabrication, Optimization, and In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of Intra-vitreal Implant of Budesonide Generally Made of PHBV.

Drug delivery to vitreous in comparison with drug delivery to the other parts of the eye is complicated and challenging due to the existence of various anatomical and physiological barriers. Developing injectable intra-vitreal implant could be beneficial in this regard. Herein, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) implants were fabricated and optimized using response surface method for budesonide (BZ) delivery.

Temperature-Responsive Methylcellulose-Hyaluronic Hydrogel as a 3D Cell Culture Matrix.

This study investigated the application of a temperature-responsive methylcellulose-hyaluronic acid (MC-HA) hydrogel to support 3D cell growth . Initial work focused on the preparation of hydrogels for 3D culture, followed by investigations of the biological compatibility of hydrogel components and optimization of the cell culture environment. Evaluation of viability and proliferation of HCT116 cells cultured in the MC-HA hydrogel was used to adjust the blend composition to design a hydrogel with optimal properties to support cell growth.

Nanomedicine and chemotherapeutics drug delivery: challenges and opportunities.

Cancer is considered as one of the biggest threats to humans worldwide. Researchers suggest that tumour is not just a single mass, it comprises cancerous cells surrounded by noncancerous cells such as immune cells, adipocytes and cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the extracellular matrix (ECM) containing distinct components such as proteins, glycoproteins and enzymes; thus tumour microenvironment (TME) is partially complex. Multiple interactions happen in the dynamic microenvironment (ME) lead to an acidic, hypoxic and stiff ME that is considered as one of the major contributors to cancer progression and metastasis.

Chloroquine Assisted Delivery of microRNA Mimic Let-7b to NSCLC Cell Line by PAMAM (G5) - HA Nano-Carrier.

Aim: Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers are attracting interest of the scientists as vehicles for nucleic acid delivery due to their suitable properties. The highly positive surface charged of PAMAM enables an adequate interaction with negatively charged microRNAs.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti-tumor effect of microRNA Mimic let-7b loaded in PAMAM dendrimers (G5) on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cells.

Mitochondrial delivery of microRNA mimic let-7b to NSCLC cells by PAMAM-based nanoparticles.

Many biological mechanisms including cellular metabolism and cell death are regulated by mitochondria known as powerhouse of the cell. Recently, let-7b, a tumour-suppressor microRNA has been detected in mitochondria of human cells targeting several mitochondrial-encoded respiratory chain genes. Triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP) is one of the major classes of mitochondriotropics that possess the ability of specifically targeting the mitochondria.

Improving the biological activity of fingolimod loaded PHBV nanoparticles by using hydrophobically modified alginate.

Uncontrolled distribution of nanoparticles (NPs) within the body can significantly decrease the efficiency of drug therapy and is considered among the main restrictions of NPs application. The aim of this study was to develop a depot combination delivery system (CDS) containing fingolimod loaded poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) NPs dispersed into a matrix of oleic acid-grafted-aminated alginate (OA-g-AAlg) to minimize the nonspecific biodistribution (BD) of PHBV NPs. OA-g-AAlg was synthesized in two step; First, Alg was aminated by using adipic dihydrazide (ADH).

Comparison of 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash with and without anti-discoloration system in patients with chronic periodontitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Chemical plaque control, an adjunct to mechanical approaches, could improve the maintenance of patients with different types of periodontitis. Chlorhexidine, the gold standard in chemical plaque control, might have some side effects; the most determining one is tooth discoloration. Anti-discoloration systems (ADS) have been added to minimize brownish tooth discoloration.

ADCs, as Novel Revolutionary Weapons for Providing a Step Forward in Targeted Therapy of Malignancies.

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), as potent pharmaceutical trojan horses for cancer treatment, provide superior efficacy and specific targeting along with low risk of adverse reactions compared to traditional chemotherapeutics. In fact, the development of these agents combines the selective targeting capability of monoclonal antibody (mAb) with high cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutics for controlling the neoplastic mass growth. Different ADCs (more than 60 ADCs) in preclinical and clinical trials were introduced in this novel pharmaceutical field.

PHBV/PLGA nanoparticles for enhanced delivery of 5-fluorouracil as promising treatment of colon cancer.

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is one of the most widely used agents in the first-line chemotherapy for colon cancer. However, clinical use of 5-FU is limited because of the low efficacy of drug uptake and systemic toxic effects. Therefore, there is a critical need to find better drug delivery systems in order to improve the efficacy of the drug.

Sustained delivery of olanzapine from sunflower oil-based polyol-urethane nanoparticles synthesised through a cyclic carbonate ring-opening reaction.

The forefront horizon of biomedical investigations in recent decades is parcelling-up and delivery of drugs to achieve controlled/targeted release. In this regard, developing green-based delivery systems for a spatiotemporal controlling therapeutic agent have drawn a lot of attention. A facile route based on cyclic carbonate ring-opening reaction has been utilised to synthesise a bio-based polyol-containing urethane bond [polyol-urethane (POU)] as a nanoparticulate drug delivery system of olanzapine in order to enhance its bioavailability.