Design of a miniaturized 90-degree quadrature hybrid coupler with harmonic suppression ability using π-shaped lumped elements.

This research presents a new design and fabrication of a quadrature hybrid coupler using π-shaped lumped elements. The proposed π-shaped elements have resulted in ultra-size reduction and harmonic suppression ability simultaneously. The proposed coupler correctly works at 800 MHz, the insertion loss is less than 0.

Realization of ultra-compact and high contrast ratio all-optical 4-to-2 encoder based on 2D photonic crystals.

Optical encoders are widely used circuits in digital systems. One of the most critical features of an optical encoder is the power values in two logic states; low and high. The difference between these two values is expressed with the contrast ratio (CR) parameter.

Ultra-fast and compact optical Galois field adder based on the LPhC structure and phase shift keying.

In this study, we propose a novel, to the best of our knowledge, all-optical Galois field (AOGF) adder that utilizes logic all-optical XOR gates. The design is founded on optical beams' constructive and destructive interference phenomenon and incorporates the phase shift keying technique within a two-dimensional linear photonic crystal (2D-LPhC) structure. The suggested AOGF adder comprises eight input ports and four output ports.

A Wilkinson power divider with harmonic suppression through low-pass filter for GSM and LTE applications.

Conventional Wilkinson power dividers (WPDs) perform satisfactorily near the intended operation frequency. Nonetheless, these WPDs demonstrate subpar performance in the stopband and necessitate a significant physical space. To enhance the existing level of advancement and in order to improve on the current state-of-the-art, a modified WPD is designed and fabricated, demonstrating a significant improvement in stopband and superior isolation between output ports.

Compact all-optical decoder design for optical integrated circuits.

This paper constructs and discusses a 1×2 decoder based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. The designed decoder is a priority decoder with one main input and one enabled input. This logic circuit's structure is very simple and compact, and it employs a photonic crystal structure with dimensions of 11×11 rods built of GaAs.

Optical 1-bit comparator based on two-dimensional photonic crystals.

A comparator is one of the important combinational logic circuits. An optical comparator was designed and simulated based on photonic crystals. Point and linear defects were also used in the proposed optical comparator.