Vascular Stress Markers Following Inhalation of Heated Tobacco Products: A Study on Extracellular Vesicles.

The advent of heated tobacco products (HTPs) has introduced new variables in the study of nicotine delivery systems and their health implications. Amidst concerns over cardiovascular effects, this study aims to elucidate the acute impact of HTP inhalation on extracellular vesicles (EV) levels in young, healthy individuals. In this controlled, acute exposure study, 23 young, healthy volunteers were subjected to HTP inhalation.

Oneyear longitudinal study on biomarkers of blood-brain barrier permeability in COVID-19 patients.

The pathophysiology behind neurological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 may be related to dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and previous research indicate transient neuronal injury and glial activation. The aim of this study was to investigate if COVID-19 is related to increased BBB permeability by analyzing leakage of biomarkers such as astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and S100B. We also investigated whether levels of these biomarkers correlated with self-reported symptoms that persisted > 2 months.

Blood brain barrier permeability and astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most prevalent rheumatic disease in children, and the inflammatory process is widely studied, primarily characterized by its impact on joint health. Emerging evidence suggests that JIA may also affect the central nervous system (CNS). This study investigates the potential CNS involvement in JIA by analyzing the presence of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) and the S100B protein in plasma, both of which are indicative of astrocyte activity and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity.

Augmented thrombin formation is related to circulating levels of extracellular vesicles exposing tissue factor and citrullinated histone-3 in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitides.

Objectives: To study circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive extracellular vesicles (MPOEVs) exposing citrullinated histone-3 (H3Cit), tissue factor (TF), and plasminogen (Plg) in association to thrombin generation in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods: We have involved well-characterized patients with AAV together with population-based controls. Flow cytometry was used to assess the levels of MPOEVs in citrated plasma.

Electronic Cigarette Vaping with Nicotine Causes Increased Thrombogenicity and Impaired Microvascular Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Electronic cigarette (EC) vaping is increasingly popular, despite growing evidence of adverse health effects. To further evaluate the impact of EC use on vascular health, we investigated the effects of brief EC inhalation on flow-dependent thrombus formation and microcirculation in healthy volunteers. The study was performed with a randomised double-blind crossover design.

Extracellular vesicles opsonized by monomeric C-reactive protein (CRP) are accessible as autoantigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and associate with autoantibodies against CRP.

The pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP) is a pentameric protein now known to be able to undergo dissociation into a monomeric, modified isoform, referred to as mCRP. In carefully assessing the bioactivities of each isoform, mCRP has strong pro-inflammatory activities while pCRP has mild anti-inflammatory activities. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a disease characterized by a vast number of autoantibodies, including anti-CRP autoantibodies which have been associated with SLE disease activity and lupus nephritis.

Extracellular vesicles in heart failure - A study in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction characteristics undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting.

Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) were investigated as potential biomarkers associated with heart failure (HF) pathophysiology in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery characterized by HF phenotype.

Materials And Methods: Patients with preoperative proxy-diagnoses of HF types i.e.

Plasma levels of S100B and neurofilament light chain protein in stress-related mental disorders.

The pathophysiological changes underlying stress-related mental disorders remain unclear. However, research suggests that alterations in astrocytes and neurons may be involved. This study examined potential peripheral markers of such alterations, including S100B and neurofilament light chain (NF-L).

Phosphatidylserine Exposing Extracellular Vesicles in Pre-eclamptic Patients.

Pre-eclampsia (P-EC) is associated with systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability. The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in coagulation disturbances affecting the development and severity of P-EC remains elusive. We aimed to evaluate the concentration of EVs expressing phosphatidylserine (PS) and specific markers in relation to the thrombin and fibrin formation as well as fibrin clot properties, in pregnant women with P-EC in comparison to healthy pregnant women of similar gestational age.

Isoforms of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor in stress-related mental disorders: a cross-sectional study.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of stress-related mental disorders. However, VEGF levels have seldom been compared across mental disorders and never by isoforms. Pathophysiological processes involving leakage of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) across the blood-brain barrier could be associated with VEGF levels in patients with stress-related mental disorders.

Leakage of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles in stress-induced exhaustion disorder: a cross-sectional study.

Patients with stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) demonstrate cognitive dysfunction similar to patients with minor traumatic brain injury (TBI). We have previously detected elevated concentrations of astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in patients with TBI. As such, we hypothesized that astrocyte-derived EVs could be higher in patients with SED than in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and healthy controls.

High Thrombin Generation after Acute Ischemic Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Recurrence: An Observational Cohort Study.

Thrombin is increasingly recognized to be of importance for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of thrombin generation variables in a cohort of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Thrombin generation potential measured by calibrated automated thrombogram (CAT) and prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 was determined in the acute and convalescent phases for a cohort of 190 patients with AIS/TIA.

Extracellular miR-574-5p Induces Osteoclast Differentiation via TLR 7/8 in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEV) mediate cell-to-cell communication in the synovial microenvironment by carrying microRNAs (miRs), a class of small non-coding RNAs. Herein, we report that sEV from synovial fluid promote osteoclast differentiation which is attributed to high levels of extracellular miR-574-5p.

High levels of endothelial and platelet microvesicles in patients with type 1 diabetes irrespective of microvascular complications.

Introduction: Patients with type 1 diabetes have high risk of developing microvascular complications, and microangiopathy contributes to premature cardiovascular disease in this population. The role that microvesicles (MVs) may play in the development of microangiopathy in type 1 diabetes remains unclear.

Materials And Methods: Plasma levels of endothelial MVs (EMVs) and platelet MVs (PMVs) in 130 patients with type 1 diabetes without microangiopathy, 106 patients with microangiopathy and 100 matched healthy controls were analyzed using flow cytometry.

Changes in the plasma microvesicle proteome during the ovarian hyperstimulation phase of assisted reproductive technology.

The incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism is increased during the first trimester of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conception. We previously found that haemostatic plasma variables changed but within normal limits during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) concomitant with a major increase in plasma microvesicles (MVs) and markers indicating cell activation. We now explored the proteome of these MVs.

Phosphatidylserine positive microparticles improve hemostasis in in-vitro hemophilia A plasma models.

Circulating microparticles (MPs) are procoagulant due to the surface containing phosphatidylserine (PS), which facilitates coagulation. We investigated if MPs improve hemostasis in HA plasma models. MPs isolated from pooled normal human plasma were added to severe, moderate and mild HA plasma models (0%, 2.

Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilization with fresh respectively frozen-thawed embryo transfer: Nationwide cohort study.

Background: The assisted reproductive technique in vitro fertilization (IVF) is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary embolism (PE) during the first trimester.

Objectives: To compare the incidence of VTE and PE during the first trimester of IVF pregnancies using fresh or frozen-thawed embryo transfer to that during natural pregnancies.

Patient/methods: Nationwide Swedish registry-based cohort study of women who gave birth (n = 902 891) at the age of 15-50 years to their first child from the 1st of January 1992 until the 31st of December 2012.

Electronic cigarettes containing nicotine increase endothelial and platelet derived extracellular vesicles in healthy volunteers.

Background And Aims: E-cigarette use is increasingly common. Whether e-cigarettes are harmful to human health is an intensely debated subject. In order to investigate whether e-cigarettes with and without nicotine cause different vascular responses, we obtained blood samples from healthy young volunteers who performed brief active e-cigarette inhalations.

Prognostic Value of Circulating Microvesicle Subpopulations in Ischemic Stroke and TIA.

Platelet microvesicles (PMV) have previously been found elevated in acute ischemic stroke (IS) and could be biomarkers for risk of recurrence. PMV surface antigens such as P-selectin and phosphatidylserine (PS) reflect platelet activation and procoagulance. Tissue factor-positive microvesicles (TFMV) are considered procoagulant, in particular if co-expressing PS.

The binding of SLE autoantibodies to mitochondria.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototypic autoimmune disease characterized by immune complexes. Because these complexes contain mitochondrial components, we assessed the presence of antibodies to whole mitochondria (wMITO) using an ELISA in which mitochondria from mouse liver are bound to microtiter plates pre-coated with poly-l-lysine. Studies with this ELISA demonstrated that SLE plasmas contain abundant anti-wMITO activity.

Microvesicles from patients with acute coronary syndrome enhance platelet aggregation.

Microvesicles (MVs) released from leukocytes, platelets and endothelial cells are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). In the present study, we assessed the potential pro-aggregatory properties of MVs obtained from ACS patients. Thus, we divided the patients into two groups based on clopidogrel-responsiveness, i.

Microparticles Expressing Myeloperoxidase and Complement C3a and C5a as Markers of Renal Involvement in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-associated Vasculitis.

Objective: To investigate expression of terminal complement components C3a and C5a on circulating myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive microparticles (MPO+MP) in relation to disease activity and renal involvement in patients with antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV).

Methods: Forty-six clinically well-characterized patients with AAV and 23 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included. The concentration of MPO+MP expressing C3a and C5a was analyzed from citrate plasma by flow cytometry.

Changes in microparticle profiles by vitamin D receptor activation in chronic kidney disease - a randomized trial.

Background: Microparticles (MPs) are biomarkers and mediators of disease through their expression of surface receptors, reflecting activation or stress in their parent cells. Endothelial markers, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, are implicated in atherosclerosis and associated with cardiovascular risk. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have endothelial dysfunction and high levels of endothelial derived MPs.