Massive hemoptysis in a pregnant woman: the first rare presentation of mitral valve stenosis.

Massive hemoptysis is one of the rare manifestations of mitral valve stenosis. Massive hemoptysis is considered as a potentially life threatening that frequently needs emergency procedures. A 43- year-old pregnant woman presented with coughing and massive hemoptysis.

Pulmonary actinomycosis with endobronchial involvement: a case report and literature review.

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare chronic pulmonary infection caused by actinomyces, a Gram-positive, microaerophilic bacterium. Pulmonary involvement other than cervicofacial or abdominopelvic actinomycosis is uncommon and often leads to a misdiagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis or lung cancer. Endobronchial involvement is very rare in pulmonary actinomycosis.