Mapping Connectivity Amongst Interneuronal Components of the Locomotor CPG.

The basic rhythmic activity characteristic of locomotion in mammals is generated by a neural network, located in the spinal cord, known as the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). Although a great deal of effort has gone into the study of this neural circuit over the past century, identification and characterization of its component interneurons has proven to be challenging, largely due to their location and distribution. Recent work incorporating a molecular approach has provided a great deal of insight into the genetic identity of interneurons that make up this neural circuit, as well as the specific roles that they play during stepping.

Using an upright preparation to identify and characterize locomotor related neurons across the transverse plane of the neonatal mouse spinal cord.

Background: The basic rhythmicity underlying stepping in mammals is generated by a neural network, situated in the spinal cord, known as the locomotor central pattern generator (CPG). While a molecular approach has provided information regarding neuronal populations that participate in locomotor activity and their specific function, the distributed nature of the locomotor CPG has made it difficult to identify and characterize the specific neurons belonging to each population that are rhythmically-active during stepping.

New Method: We describe a preparation in which we isolate the spinal cord from a neonatal mouse, section it at a lumbar segment, situate it in an upright orientation under the objective lens of a 2- photon microscope, and evoke fictive locomotion.

A scoping review of interventions to promote the adoption of shared decision-making (SDM) among health care professionals in clinical practice.

Objectives: To identify and summarize evidence on interventions to promote the adoption of shared decision-making (SDM) among health care professionals (HCPs) in clinical practice.

Methods: Electronic databases including: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane library were searched to determine eligible peer-reviewed articles. Grey literature was searched for additional interventions.

-Expressing Interneurons Regulate Left-Right Alternation during Mammalian Locomotor Activity.

The basic pattern of activity underlying stepping in mammals is generated by a neural network located in the caudal spinal cord. Within this network, the specific circuitry coordinating left-right alternation has been shown to involve several groups of molecularly defined interneurons. Here we characterize a population of spinal neurons that express the Wilms' tumor 1 () gene and investigate their role during locomotor activity in mice of both sexes.

Anatomical and electrophysiological characterization of a population of dI6 interneurons in the neonatal mouse spinal cord.

The locomotor central pattern generator is a neural network located in the ventral aspect of the caudal spinal cord that underlies stepping in mammals. While many genetically defined interneurons that are thought to comprise this neural network have been identified and characterized, the dI6 cells- which express the transcription factors WT1 and/or DMRT3- are one population that settle in this region, are active during locomotion, whose function is poorly understood. These cells were originally hypothesized to be commissural premotor interneurons, however evidence in support of this is sparse.

Interleukin-10 conjugated electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibre scaffolds for promoting alternatively activated (M2) macrophages around the peripheral nerve in vivo.

Macrophages play a key role in tissue regeneration following peripheral nerve injury by preparing the surrounding parenchyma for regeneration, however, they can be damaging if the response is excessive. Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a cytokine that promotes macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory/wound healing state (M2 phenotype). The bioactive half-life of IL-10 is dependent on the cellular microenvironment and ranges from minutes to hours in vivo.