Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular/Renal Outcomes.

Hypertension is an important and modifiable risk factor for the macrovascular and microvascular complications of diabetes. Prior literature outlines the significance of lowering blood pressure and subsequent cardiovascular and microvascular benefits. Blood pressure targets of less than 140/90 mm Hg are recommended in all adults with diabetes, with lower blood pressure targets of less than 130/80 mm Hg beneficial for those with higher cardiovascular disease risk.

Nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid antagonists in diabetic kidney disease.

Purpose Of Review: Current data highlight the pathological aspects of excess aldosterone in promoting glomerular hypertrophy, glomerulosclerosis, and proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The role of nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) in DKD is being evaluated in ongoing clinical trials.

Recent Findings: Recent studies demonstrate beneficial effects of adding MRAs to the treatment regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes with nephropathy.

Percutaneous Microwave Ablation of an Insulinoma in a Patient with Refractory Symptomatic Hypoglycemia.

Insulinomas are the most common functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs). Surgical excision is the preferred therapy, and medical treatment with diazoxide or octreotide is typically reserved for those who are poor surgical candidates. A recent emergence of minimally invasive treatment modalities has led to reports of successful radiofrequency and ethanol ablation of insulinomas.