Dental aesthetic related popularity and peer pressure, a survey of adolescents in Pakistan.

Objectives: Most research has focused on determining how popularity and peer pressure impact behaviours, rather than identifying a key feature such as dental aesthetics and studying its impacts in relation to popularity and peer pressure.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of 527 children from four schools located in Lahore, Pakistan. A 14-point questionnaire was developed, using existing measures of peer pressure, and popularity.

Impact of Harvesting Method and Donor Age on the Behavior of Human Osteoblast-Like Cells.

Autogenous particulate bone grafts are being utilized in oral implantology for minor grafting procedures. This study aimed to investigate the influence of the bone-harvesting technique, donor age, and donor site on proliferation and differentiation of human primary osteoblast-like cells in the cell culture. Autogenous bone particles (20 samples) were harvested from the maxilla and mandible during surgery using two different protocols, and two types of particulate bone grafts were collected: bone chips and bone sludge.

Prevalence of periodontitis based on retrospective radiographic evaluation at dental hospital in Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia: A retrospective study.

Objectives: The contemporary information on the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors is deficient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Our aim was to measure the prevalence of periodontitis and associated risk factors among the Saudi population in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia who visited the University Dental Hospital.

Methods: In this retrospective study, the demographic data and medical and dental records of 700 subjects were examined.

Oral Manifestations: A Reliable Indicator for Undiagnosed Diabetes Mellitus Patients.

Objectives:  This article identifies undiagnosed DM (UDM) cases in the Pakistani population by perceiving the signs and symptoms of DM and associating them with oral manifestations.

Material And Methods:  In this cross-sectional study, patients showing at least three or more classical or warning signs like polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, and general weakness were considered UDM cases. Detailed oral examination for gingivitis, periodontitis, halitosis, xerostomia, and tongue manifestations was done followed by the hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) analysis.

Estimation of the risk of COVID-19 transmission through aerosol-generating procedures.

Background: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic was associated with the provision of multiple guidelines for the dental profession. All elective procedures were restricted, and only emergency procedures were performed. There was fear and anxiety among dentists while performing aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs), as they were considered to pose a high risk of COVID-19 transmission.

Safe protocol of resuming routine dental procedures in a tertiary care hospital setting post COVID-19 lockdown.

Background: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic greatly affected dentistry. Dental procedures are considered one of the modes of transfer of COVID-19 infection due to generation of aerosols. To prevent transmission of this virus through dental procedures, guidelines were issued by the World Health Organisation (WHO), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Ministry of Health of each country.

A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial on Radiographic Crestal Bone Loss Around Dental Implants Placed Using Two Different Drilling Protocols: 12-Month Follow-up.

Purpose: There is a substantial need to perform studies to evaluate crestal bone loss (CBL) and implant success when using a newly introduced low-speed drilling protocol. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mean CBL and implant success rate by placing implants utilizing two drilling protocols, ie, standard and low-speed drilling protocols.

Materials And Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out in patients who required dental implants to restore their esthetics and function.

Radiology department preparedness for COVID-19 - experience of a central-London hospital.

The COVID-19 pandemic has placed significant strain on healthcare systems across the world, requiring rapid adaptation and a change in approach to the delivery of healthcare services. Although not always immediately at the frontline, radiology has a key role in the effort against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Radiology preparedness, including the development of a set of policies and procedures designed to acquire and maintain enough capacity to support the ongoing care needs of patients both with and without COVID-19, is essential in this modern-day healthcare crisis of unprecedented magnitude.

Assessing Knowledge, Attitude and Practices for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma among Health Care Professionals in Princess Nourah University, Riyadh, KSA.

Background: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) is a growing public health problem affecting 2.2 million of the world's population per year and the rates are increasing annually. The disease is usually diagnosed in later stages, and carries high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.

Imaging of cerebral complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in infants with congenital heart disease - ultrasound with multimodality correlation.

Cranial ultrasound on neonatal intensive care units is generally performed by intensive care physicians, but radiologists often provide this crucial bedside test to children on specialist paediatric cardiac intensive care units. On a paediatric cardiac intensive care unit, complex congenital cardiac conditions are commonly encountered in both pre- and postoperative scenarios, often with the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), which both increases the risks of a number of neurologic complications and results in significant changes in vascular physiology. The aim of this pictorial essay is to discuss cranial ultrasound technique, demonstrate the changes in Doppler flow profiles resulting from veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and congenital cardiac conditions, and illustrate commonly encountered intracranial complications of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in congenital cardiac care.

Radiology examination as a diagnostic aid in presentations with wide differential diagnoses: Case report of new Hodgkin's lymphoma on a background of poorly controlled HIV.

Hodgkin's lymphoma and disseminated complex (MAC) infection share similar clinical features; both may affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. We discuss a patient with poorly controlled HIV-infection presenting with chest sepsis, dyspnoea and weight loss. Whilst the initial working diagnosis was that of MAC infection, pathology results had not met diagnostic criteria.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as multiple space-occupying lesions in advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection.

A 31-year-old man presented with seizures and cerebellar symptoms on a background of weight loss and lethargy. He was found to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and following radiological imaging, was commenced on treatment for presumed cerebral toxoplasmosis. Due to a lack of response, both clinically and on interval imaging, a positron-emission tomography-computed tomography and brain biopsy were undertaken, which demonstrated high-grade primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).

The HIV manifestations within the gastrointestinal tract: A pictorial review.

The aim of the pictorial review are to review the HIV manifestations within the gastrointestinal tract. We have detailed five conditions, with reference to the patients' CD4 count - gastrointestinal tuberculosis, Kaposi's sarcoma, small bowel lymphoma, cytomegalovirus colitis and anal carcinoma.

Unusual complication and successful high-dose chemotherapy treatment of advanced Burkitt's lymphoma in an adult HIV-positive patient.

Adult Burkitt's lymphoma emerged as an AIDS-defining condition in the 1980s. We describe a case of HIV-associated adult Burkitt's lymphoma diagnosed and treated with high-dose chemotherapy in our institution, complicated by unusual bilateral renal vein tumour thrombi and tumour lysis syndrome. We believe this unique case highlights the need for early recognition of current and potential complications on staging computed tomography imaging, as well as successful use of a high-dose chemotherapy regimen.

Delayed migration of a peripherally inserted central venous catheter to the azygos vein with subsequent perforation.

Peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) are often used for infusion of chemotherapeutic agents, long-term antibiotics or total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We present a case of delayed migration of a PICC inserted for TPN from the superior vena cava into the azygos vein that was not initially recognized on chest radiographs or CT scan. This subsequently led to azygos perforation and extravasation of the TPN solution into the mediastinal, pleural and pericardial spaces.