Magnetic carrageenan gum-grafted-polyacrylamide nanocomposite for uptake of cationic dyes from the aquatic systems.

Using an ex-situ growth approach, this research fabricated k Carrageenan/Polyacrylamide@magnetite nanocomposites (NCs), (k-Car/PAM@Magnetite NCs). The k-Carrageenan (k-Car) backbone was modified through graft polymerization of acrylamide (PAm) via radical polymerization using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. N'-N' methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) was used as the cross-linking agent, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were incorporated to impart magnetic properties.

An efficient catalysis for the synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-]benzimidazoles and 1-(benzothiazolylamino)methyl-2-naphthols using ZnO@SOH@Tropine.

In this research and in the line of our researches on the use of nano-substrates modified with ionic liquid in organic reactions, an efficient and green method for the one-pot three-component synthesis of pyrimido[1,2-]benzimidazole and 1-(benzothiazolylamino)methyl-2-naphthol derivatives is reported using a new nanoporous catalyst formulated as ZnO@SOH@Tropine. Further analysis of the catalyst for its characterization has been performed using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The present approach creates a variety of biologically active heterocyclic compounds with excellent yields and short reaction times.

Comparison of the effectiveness of two piperazine based nano-catalysts in the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles and use of the powerful one in the -Boc protection of amines.

In this work, a comparison between the catalytic activity of two piperazine based ionic liquids immobilized on ZnO NPs and SiO NPs is presented in the synthesis of benzoxazoles and benzimidazoles. These reactions are performed under solvent free conditions during appropriate reaction times with high yields. The catalyst obtained from ZnO-NPs (PINZS), as the more efficient one, is used for the efficient promotion of the -Boc protection of amines.

Copper salt of a DABCO-based molten salt: a high-performance catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives.

In this study, [DABCO](SOH)CuCl as a novel DABCO-based molten salt with dual acidic functionality (Brønsted and Lewis) has been synthesized, characterized and used as a high-performance catalyst in the one-pot synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives. The identification of this catalyst was accomplished by using techniques such as infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopy. Excellent efficiency, short reaction times, a simple working method and also use of a recyclable catalyst are the considerable advantages of this process.

Facile synthesis of triazolo/benzazolo[2,1-]quinazolinone derivatives catalyzed by a new deep eutectic mixture based on glucose, pregabalin and urea.

In this study, a novel natural deep eutectic solvent was prepared from glucose, pregabalin, and urea. The prepared solvent was identified using a variety of techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), derivative thermogravimetry (DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and refractive index measurements (RI). The prepared deep eutectic solvent was then utilized for the one-pot synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives.

Ag/g-CN nanocomposite: Green fabrication and its application as a catalyst in the synthesis of new series of depsipeptides as biologically active compounds and investigation on their anti-breast cancer activity.

In this study, we bring forward a green and novel eco-friendly strategy for the fabrication of Ag/g-CN nanocomposite via a fast in-situ generation method using Ferula Gummosa extracts as both stabilizer and reducing agent. Ag/g-CN nanocomposite was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX-MAP), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). After procurement and characterization, the catalytic activity of the prepared reagent was surveyed in the synthesis of a new series of depsipeptides using aspirin/ketoprofen, cyclohexyl isocyanide, and aryl aldehydes at ambient temperature in EtOH/HO as a green media.

Additively manufactured MAX- and MXene-composite scaffolds for bone regeneration- recent advances and future perspectives.

Human bones can suffer from various injuries, such as fractures, bone cancer, among others, which has initiated research activities towards bone replacement using advanced bio-materials. However, it is still challenging to design bio-scaffolds with bone-inducing agents to regenerate bone defects. In this regard, MAX-phases and MXenes (early transition metal carbides and/or nitrides) have gained notable attention due to their unique hydrophilicity, bio-compatibility, chemical stability, and photothermal properties.

Hyaluronic acid coated spinel ferrite for combination of chemo and photodynamic therapy: Green synthesis, characterization, and in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility study.

In this project, different photosensitizers were prepared using different ratios of nickel, manganese, and iron. Then, multiple analysis were performed to evaluate their efficiency, and the most suitable one was used to be coated by hyaluronic acid to improve the nano-platform's biocompatibility and target ability. Moreover, another chemical targeting agent (riboflavin) was used to further improve the target ability of the prepared nano-platform.

Synthesis, characterization, and application of α-Fe O @TiO @SO H photo-Fenton catalyst for photocatalytic degradation of biologically pre-treated wood industry wastewater.

The efficiency of removing chemical oxygen demand (COD) and turbidity from wood wastewater was investigated using a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and the photo-Fenton process. A total of 94.78% of COD reduction and 99.

Synergic Antitumor Effect of Photodynamic Therapy and Chemotherapy Mediated by Nano Drug Delivery Systems.

This review provides a summary of recent progress in the development of different nano-platforms for the efficient synergistic effect between photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy. In particular, this review focuses on various methods in which photosensitizers and chemotherapeutic agents are co-delivered to the targeted tumor site. In many cases, the photosensitizers act as drug carriers, but this review, also covers different types of appropriate nanocarriers that aid in the delivery of photosensitizers to the tumor site.

Manganese Dioxide (-MnO₂) and Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanocomposites: An Efficient Promotor for the Oxidative Deprotection of Trimethylsilyl, Tetrahydropyranyl and Methoxymethyl Ethers.

Manganese dioxide (-MnO₂) and graphene oxide (GO nanocomposites were prepared and successfully characterized using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), field emission scanning-electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) mapping methods and Xray diffraction (XRD) analyses. This reagent is an efficient catalyst for the aerobic oxidation of trimethylsilyl (TMS), tetrahedropyranyl (THP), and methoxymethyl ethers (MOM) to their corresponding carbonyl compounds in the presence of K₂CO₃. All reactions were performed in -hexane under mild and completely heterogeneous reaction conditions.

Salen-decorated Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica: From Metal-assisted Epoxidation to Metal-free CO Insertion.

We clicked a salen ligand onto a thiol-ethane bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica (Salen-PMO) using a photo-initiated thiol-ene click reaction. This process resulted in a covalently bonded salen ligand on the PMO material. The final BET surface area amounts 511 m /g and the pore size diameter is approximately 7 nm.

Preparation and application of α-FeO@TiO@SOH for photocatalytic degradation and COD reduction of woodchips industry wastewater.

In this study, we investigated the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from woodchips industry wastewater using α-FeO@TiO@SOH. A magnetic α-FeO@TiO@SOH was prepared as a heterogeneous photo-Fenton catalyst. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and elemental mapping (MAP) analyses were performed to determine the structure and morphology of synthesized photocatalysts.

Fe₃O4@MCM@ZrCI₂: A Practical Magnetic Mesoporous Zirconium-Based Nanocomposite as a Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Spirooxindoles.

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the catalytic role of the newly reported MCM-41 -based nanocomposite in which the low acidity of this mesoporous moiety was favourably improved the stabilization of zirconium nanoparticles and was magnetized to make a facile work-up procedure as an applicable and efficient method. The prepared Fe₃O₄@MCM-41 @ZrCI₂ nanocomposite was successfully characterized using different analyses and then it was favourably exploited for the synthesis of spirooxindoles as the most prominent spiro compounds. As predicted, Fe₃O₄@MCM- 41 @ZrCI₂ showed considerable efficiency in the promotion of the studied reaction.

Agar-entrapped sulfonated DABCO: Agelly acidic catalyst for the acceleration of one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoloquinazolinone and some pyrimidine derivatives.

In this project, a recently synthesized DABCO-based catalyst is entrapped in agar to reduce its moisture sensitivity leading to enhancement of its stability and catalytic activity. After preparation and identification this new reagent is used as an efficient and environmentally safe catalyst for the preparation of 1, 2, 4-triazoloquinazolinone and some pyrimidine derivatives. This method is accompanied with some superiorities such as, simple operation, mild and green conditions, use of low cost and non-hazardous natural material, short reaction times, easy preparation methods and simple work-up procedures.

Treatment of wood industry wastewater by combined coagulation-flocculation-decantation and fenton process.

In the present research, the efficiency of turbidity and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from the wood industry wastewater (WIW) by the use of a combined coagulation-flocculation-decantation (CFD) - Fenton process was studied. Firstly, the performance of three coagulants such as ferric chloride (FeCl ), aluminum sulphate (alum), and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) was evaluated. The polyacrylamide (PAM) was used as a flocculant.

Introduction of Succinimide as A Green and Sustainable Organo-Catalyst for the Synthesis of Arylidene Malononitrile and Tetrahydrobenzo[b] pyran Derivatives.

Aim And Objective: In this work, we tried to introduce a non-toxic and stable organic compound named succinimide as a green and efficient organo-catalyst for the promotion of the synthesis of arylidene malononitrile and tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives. Using this method led to a clean procedure to achieve these types of bioactive compounds without a specific purification step. The rate and yield of the reactions were excellent, and also succinimide showed acceptable reusability as the catalyst.

Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ Nanocomposites as a Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 5-Arylidenepyrimidine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-Trione and Pyrano-Pyrimidinone Derivatives in Aqueous Media.

A green magnetic nanocatalyst is developed by immobilization of Fe₃O₄ on Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) support for the efficacious synthesis of 5-arylidenepyrimidine-2,4,6-(1H,3H,5H)-trione and pyrano-pyrimidinone derivatives in aqueous media. The most momentous features of the present protocol are the simple preparation of the catalyst, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times and high yields of the products. Moreover, the magnetic nanocatalyst Fe₃O₄/g-C₃N₄ can be recycled effectively and reused several times, without a significant loss in reactivity.

Magnetic Fe₃O₄/Graphene Oxide/Copper-Based Nanocomposite as a Reusable Catalyst for the Reduction of 4-Nitrophenol.

In the present investigation, Fe₃O₄/Graphene oxide/Pr-NH₂-Cu was reported as a novel magnetically recoverable nanocomposite and characterized using various analytical techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and inductively coupled plasma (ICP). The catalytic performance of the synthesized catalyst was evaluated in the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by an excess amount of sodium borohydride as the source of hydrogen in aqueous solution. The reaction was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy at ambient temperature.

Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Sultone: A Novel and Recyclable Magnetic Nanocatalyst for the Efficient Synthesis of 3,4 Dihydropyrano[]Chromenes and 2-Amino-4-Chromene Derivatives.

A green, simple and eco-friendly procedure for the preparation of 3,4-dihydropyrano[]chromenes and 2-amino-4-chromene derivatives is described using Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-Sultone as a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst. All reactions are performed under mild conditions and all products are obtained in high yields during short reaction times. The catalyst can be easily isolated from the reaction mixture by magnetic decantation using an external magnet and reused at least five times without significant degradation in the activity.

Nanostructured γ-Fe₂O₃@Starch--Butyl SO₃H as New Recyclable Magnetic Catalyst for Promoting Multi-Component Reactions.

Butane-1-soltunic acid modified starch-coated γ-Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles [γ-Fe₂O₃@starch--butyl SO₃H] was easily prepared through a ring opening reaction of 1, 4-butane sultone with nano-magnetic γ-Fe2O3@starch. After structural studies, using FT-IR, SEM, XRD, TGA, TEM, EDX, VSM and also pH analysis the efficiency of this reagent in the preparation of tetrahydrobenzimidazo[2,1-] quinazolin-1(2)-ones and 2-indazolo[2,1-]phthalazine-triones was studied. Operational simpleness, high yields, short reaction times, wide applicability and simple recyclability of the catalyst employing an external magnet are the most important advantages of this methodology.

Organic/Inorganic Fe₃O₄@MCM-41@Zr-Piperazine: An Impressive Magnetite Nanocatalyst for -Butoxycarbonylation of Amines.

Fe₃O₄@MCM-41@Zirconium magnetic nanoparticles modified with piperazine (Fe₃O₄@MCM-41@Zr-piperazine), as a newly reported catalyst, shows excellent catalytic activity in -butoxycarbonylation of amines under the mild and solvent-free conditions. Accordingly, different derivatives of -butylcarbamates owning diverse aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic amines were prepared efficiently. Good performance of this method for the majority of used complex or acid-sensitive substrates and facile separation of this nanocatalyst due to its superparamagnetic nature from the reaction mixture via an external magnetic field for several times are the most important striking features of this protocol.

Synthesis of Tetrahydrobenzo[]pyran and Pyrano[2, 3-]pyrimidinone Derivatives Using Fe₃O₄@Ph-PMO-NaHSO₄ as a New Magnetically Separable Nanocatalyst.

Immobilized NaHSO₄ on core/shell phenylene bridged periodic mesoporous organosilica magnetic nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄@Ph-PMO-NaHSO₄) as a new acidic magnetically separable nanocatalyst was successfully prepared in three steps: (i) preparation of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles by a precipitation method, (ii) synthesis of an organic-inorganic periodic mesoporous organosilica structure with phenyl groups on the surface of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and (iii) finally adsorption of NaHSO₄ on periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) network. The prepared organic-inorganic magnetic reagent was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N₂ adsorption-desorption and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. Finally, it was used as a reusable and new catalyst to promote the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[]pyran and pyrano[2,3-]pyrimidinone derivatives as important biologically active compounds.

Nanoporous Na-Montmorillonite Perchloric Acid as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Chemoselective Protection of Hydroxyl Groups.

Nanoporous Na-montmorillonite perchloric acid as a novel heterogeneous reusable solid acid catalyst was easily prepared by treatment of Na-montmorillonite as a cheap and commercially available support with perchloric acid. The catalyst was characterized using a variety of techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), pH analysis and determination of the Hammett acidity function. The prepared reagent showed excellent catalytic activity for the chemoselective conversion of alcohols and phenols to their corresponding trimethylsilyl ethers with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) at room temperature.