In-depth systems biological evaluation of bovine alveolar macrophages suggests novel insights into molecular mechanisms underlying infection.

Objective: Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a chronic respiratory infectious disease of domestic livestock caused by intracellular infection, which causes ~$3 billion in annual losses to global agriculture. Providing novel tools for bTB managements requires a comprehensive understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the infection. Nevertheless, a combination of different bioinformatics and systems biology methods was used in this study in order to clearly understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms of bTB, especially the immunomodulatory mechanisms of infection.

Frontier Therapeutics and Vaccine Strategies for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): A Review.

COVID-19 is considered as the third human coronavirus and has a high potential for transmission. Fast public health interventions through antibodies, anti-virals or novel vaccine strategies to control the virus and disease transmission have been extremely followed. SARS-CoV-2 shares about 79% genomic similarity with SARS-CoV and approximately 50% with MERS-CoV.

Psp140: an immunodominant antigen in the supernatant of culture.

Background And Objectives: causes many lethal infections. Due to its reduced sensitivity to commonly used antibiotics, development of new strategies against pneumococcal infections seems to be necessary. We aimed to investigate immunodominant antigens in culture supernatant in order to develop novel targets for pneumococcal vaccines.

The Frequency of Resistance Genes in Strains Isolated from Cattle.

Background: causes infections in humans and animals. Antibiotics are used to eliminate bacterial infections, which become resistant to antibiotics after a while. This study aimed to isolate .

A narrative literature review on traditional medicine options for treatment of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a life-threatening disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that is accounted as global public health concern. Treatment of COVID-19 is primarily supportive and the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established. However, there are no specific anti-COVID-19 drugs and vaccine until now.

Emerging coronaviruses: first SARS, second MERS and third SARS-CoV-2: epidemiological updates of COVID-19.

Since December 2019, the emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been reported unexpectedly in Wuhan, China, with staggering infection speed across China and around the world. To date, seven known strains of HCoVs belonging to four genera (i.e.

Genotypic and Phenotypic-Based Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Profile of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome in the Methicillin-Resistant Recovered from Raw Milk.

Background: Multidrug resistant methicillin-resistant (MRSA) bacteria are determined to be one of the chief causes of foodborne diseases around the world.

Purpose: This research was done to assess the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and distribution of Staphylococcus cassette chromosome (SCC) types amongst the MRSA bacteria recovered from raw milk.

Methods: Five-hundred and ninety raw milk samples were collected and examined.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Genotyping of , and Alleles of Bacteria Isolated from Raw Meat.

Background: Foodstuffs with animal origins, particularly meat, are likely reservoirs of .

Purpose: An existing survey was accompanied to assess phenotypic and genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and genotyping of , and alleles amongst the bacteria recovered from raw meat.

Methods: Six-hundred raw meat samples were collected and cultured.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the methicillin-resistant strains isolated from hospital cockroaches.

Background: Cockroaches are one of the most important and frequent insects responsible for harboring, transmission and dissemination of human pathogens in the hospital environment. The present research was done to study the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance in the Methicillin-resistant strains isolated from hospital cockroaches.

Methods: Five-hundred and thirty and cockroaches were collected and their gut content and external washing samples were subjected to bacterial isolation.

Phenotypic analysis of antibiotic resistance and genotypic study of the , , , and genotypes of the strains isolated from raw milk.

Background: Foods with animal origins and particularly milk play a considerable role in transmission of . The current study was performed to assess phenotypic characters of antibiotic resistance and genotyping pattern of , , , and alleles amongst the strains isolated from raw milk.

Methods: Six-hundred and thirty raw milk samples were collected and cultured on Wilkins Chalgren anaerobe media.

Prevalence, identification of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxin producing strains isolated from raw milk and traditional dairy products.

Background: Shiga-toxigenic strains are one of the most important foodborne bacteria with an emergence of antibiotic resistance. Foodborne STEC strains are mainly associated with presence of certain virulence factors and O-seogroups. The present investigation was done to study the distribution of virulence factors, O-serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Shiga-toxigenic isolated from milk and dairy products.

Effects of Guajol ointment synthesized from medicinal smoke condensate of jennet feces on burn wound healing on Wistar rat.

Application of smoke condensate derived from an indirect heating of jennet feces (Sargin) had been recommended by Iranian ancient scientists as a therapeutic agent. The present study was done to evaluate the healing effects of Guajol ointment on burn wound in rat. The Guajol ointment was prepared from the smoke condensate of Sargin samples.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antibiotic resistance of methicillin-resistant isolated from hospital food.

Background: Pathogenic biotypes of the Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains are considered to be one of the major cause of food-borne diseases in hospitals. The present investigation was done to study the pattern of antibiotic resistance and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes of different biotypes of the MRSA strains isolated from various types of hospital food samples.

Methods: Four-hundred and eighty-five raw and cooked hospital food samples were cultured and MRSA strains were identified using the oxacillin and cefoxitin disk diffusion tests and -based PCR amplification.

Shiga (Vero)-toxin producing isolated from the hospital foods; virulence factors, o-serogroups and antimicrobial resistance properties.

Background: According to the presence of the weak, diabetic and immunosuppressive patients in hospitals, hospital foods should have a high quality and safety. Cooking a lot of foods higher than daily requirement, storage of cooked foods in an inappropriate condition and presence of nurses and servants in distribution of food to patients are the main reasons caused contamination of hospital foods. Shiga toxigenic is one of the common cause of food poisoning in hospitals.

Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Chicken Nugget in Iran.

Background: The enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the most important cause of food poisoning that manifests with gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and vomiting. Its complications usually occur when bacterial virulence genes are produced. The most important virulence factors are cell-associated components, exoenzymes, exotoxins, enterotoxins, and enterotoxin-like toxins.

Helicobacter pylori in vegetables and salads: genotyping and antimicrobial resistance properties.

From a clinical and epidemiological perspective, it is important to know which genotypes and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in H. pylori strains isolated from salads and vegetables. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to find this purpose.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Various Types of Vegetables and Salads.

Background: There is a possibility for the presence of Helicobacter pylori in vegetables due to their close contact with polluted water, soil and feces.

Objectives: This study was carried out to detect the presence of H. pylori in vegetables and salads in Iran.

Prevalence of yersinia species in traditional and commercial dairy products in isfahan province, iran.

Background: Yersinia species, especially Yersinia enterocolitica, are considered as the most prevalent milk-borne pathogens. Several serological and molecular techniques have been developed for rapid and safe diagnosis of yersiniosis.

Objectives: This study was carried out to assess the prevalence rate of Yersinia species, especially Y.

Characterization of Escherichia coli virulence genes, pathotypes and antibiotic resistance properties in diarrheic calves in Iran.

Background: Calf diarrhea is a major economic concern in bovine industry all around the world. This study was carried out in order to investigate distribution of virulence genes, pathotypes, serogroups and antibiotic resistance properties of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic calves.

Results: Totally, 76.

Virulence factors and o-serogroups profiles of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Iranian pediatric patients.

Background: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli O- Serogroups with their virulence factors are the most prevalent causes of UTIs.

Objectives: The present investigation was performed to study the virulence factors and O-Serogroups profiles of UPEC isolated from Iranian pediatric patients.

Patients And Methods: This cross sectional investigation was performed on 100 urine samples collected from hospitalized pediatrics of Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Virulence factors, serogroups and antimicrobial resistance properties of Escherichia coli strains in fermented dairy products.

Background: From a clinical perspective, it is essential to know the microbial safety of fermented dairy products. Doogh and kashk are fermented dairies. These products are used by millions of people but their microbial qualities are unknown.

Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori isolated from raw milk and unpasteurized dairy products in Iran.

Background: Despite the high importance of Helicobacter pylori, the origin and transmission of this bacterium has not been clearly determined. According to controversial theories and results of previous studies, animal source foods - especially milk - play an important role in the transmission of H. pylori to humans.

Serogroups, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic pediatric patients in Iran.

Background: From a clinical perspective, it is important to know which serogroups, virulence genes and antibiotic resistance patterns are present in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains in pediatric patients suffering from diarrheic and non-diarrheic infections. This is the first study in Iran that has comprehensively investigated the Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli -related infection characteristics in diarrheic and non-diarrheic pediatric patients of 0-60 months of age.

Methods: Two-hundred and twenty four diarrheic and 84 non-diarrheic stool specimens were collected from the Baqiyatallah hospital of Tehran, Iran.

Incidence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroups in ruminant's meat.

To assess the presences of Escherichia coli, its serogroups, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties in ruminant's meat, a total of 820 raw meat samples were collected and then evaluated using culture, PCR and disk diffusion methods. Totally, 238 (29.02%) samples were positive for presence of Escherichia coli.

Detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, and Vibrio cholerae in tap water and bottled drinking water in Isfahan, Iran.

Background: The quality of drinking water has an important role in human infection and disease. This study was aimed at comparing polymerase chain reaction and culture in detecting Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and Vibrio cholera in tape water and bottled drinking water in various seasons in Isfahan province, Iran.

Methods: A total of 448 water samples from tap water and bottled mineral water were taken over 6 months, from July 2010 to December 2010, and after filtration, samples were examined by culture and polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species, and Vibrio cholerae.