Preparation irinotecan hydrochloride loaded PEGylated liposomes using novel method supercritical fluid and condition optimized by Box-Behnken design.

A semi-synthetic camptothecin derivative known as irinotecan hydrochloride is frequently used to treat colorectal cancer, including colorectal adenocarcinoma and lung cancers involving small cells. Irinotecan has a very short half-life; therefore, continuous infusions are required to keep the drug's blood levels at therapeutic levels, which could produce cumulative toxicities. Effective delivery techniques, including liposomes, have been developed to address these shortcomings.

Production Ganoderma lucidum extract nanoparticles by expansion of supercritical fluid solution and evaluation of the antioxidant ability.

Due to the growing human tendency to treat with natural substances, fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum can be a good source to meet this need. Effectiveness, ease of use and a rich source of active ingredients such as ganoderic acids have caused G. lucidum to be considered in the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Development of a bimetal-organic framework-polypyrrole composite as a novel fiber coating for direct immersion solid phase microextraction supercritical fluid extraction coupled with gas chromatography for simultaneous determination of furfurals in dates.

A new, simple, hyphenated technique couples supercritical fluid extraction and direct immersion SPME with GC-FID (SFE-DI-SPME-GC-FID) for the determination of 2-furaldehyde (2-F) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in solid foods. A bimetal-organic framework-polypyrrole composite was grown on stainless steel wire in solution and used as a novel solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coating. A central composite design based on a 2 fractional factorial experimental design was employed to optimize the SFE conditions for 2-F and 5-HMF at a pressure of 325 atm, temperature of 35 °C, dynamic extraction time of 15 min, and modifier volume of 150 μL.

Micronization of Thebaine Extracted from Papaver bracteatum Lindl. Using Supercritical Fluid Technology.

Background: Thebaine, as a main opiate alkaloid extracted from Papaveraceae plants, is widely used in the synthesis of many pharmaceutical ingredients such as buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, and hydrocodone. Nevertheless, thebaine and related derivatives are often insoluble in aqueous media and have low bioavailability in digestive systems.

Objective: Reducing particle size and changing the morphology can mitigate the mentioned problem.

Simultaneous extraction and fractionation of petroleum biomarkers from tar balls and crude oils using a two-step sequential supercritical fluid extraction.

In this study a novel sustainable method based on supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) method was developed for simultaneous extraction and fractionation of petroleum biomarkers. We herein proposed a two-step supercritical fluid extraction method for crude oil and tar ball to separate the petroleum biomarkers into aliphatic and aromatic fractions. In the first step, pure scCO was used, while scCO modified was used as a solvent in the subsequent step.

Preparation of Withaferin A nanoparticles extracted from Withania somnifera by the expansion of supercritical fluid solution.

Introduction: Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. is a plant with several important medicinal properties that have long been used in traditional therapy to treat some diseases.

Supercritical fluid extraction followed by supramolecular solvent microextraction as a fast and efficient preconcentration method for determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels.

In this work, reverse micelle-based supramolecular solvent microextraction method coupled with supercritical fluid extraction and used for determining trace amounts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in apple peels. The extract was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a fluorescence detector. Coupling supramolecular solvent microextraction with supercritical fluid extraction method, resolve low preconcentration factor of supercritical fluid extraction method, improved limit of detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and allow the use of supramolecular solvent microextraction in solid matrices.

Preparation of Curcuma Longa L. Extract Nanoparticles Using Supercritical Solution Expansion.

Nanoparticles of Curcuma longa Linn (turmeric) rhizome extract were prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO). The SC-CO was used for sample pre-treatment, including lipophilic compounds removal and extraction, as well as particle production. The particle formation process was based on the expansion of supercritical solution of plant extract into a secondary chamber.

Low-voltage electrochemically stimulated stir membrane liquid-liquid microextraction as a novel technique for the determination of methadone.

In the present work, for the first time, a new portable setup was designed, developed and presented for the extraction of methadone, as a basic drug model from biological fluid samples using a low-voltage electrically stimulated stir membrane liquid-liquid microextraction technique (LV-ESSM-LLME), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. This new approach combines the advantages of stir membrane liquid-liquid microextraction and electrokinetic migration in the same unit under soft electrochemical conditions in a portable device, allowing for the isolation and preconcentration of the target analyte in a simple and efficient manner under three-phase mode. To investigate the influence of external stirring and the application of electrical potential as the driving force, a comparative study of all variables involved in the extraction process was carried out using the low-voltage electromembrane extraction (LV-EME) and LV-ESSM-LLME methods.

Application of response surface methodology for the optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of essential oil from pomegranate ( L.) peel.

Essential oils and volatile components of pomegranate ( L.) peel of the Malas variety from Meybod, Iran, were extracted using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and hydro-distillation methods. The experimental parameters of SFE that is pressure, temperature, extraction time, and modifier (methanol) volume were optimized using a central composite design after a (2) fractional factorial design.

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of essential oils and fatty acids from flixweed (Descurainia Sophia L.) seed using response surface methodology and central composite design.

Essential oils and fatty acids of Descurainia sophia L. seed were obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction and steam distillation methods. The effect of different parameters such as pressure, temperature, modifier volume, dynamic and static extraction timeon the extraction yield were optimized using a central composite design after a 2 (n-1) fractional factorial design.

Development of a particle-trap preconcentration-soft ionization mass spectrometric technique for the quantification of mercury halides in air.

Measurement of oxidized mercury, Hg(II), in the atmosphere poses a significant analytical challenge as Hg(II) is present at ultra-trace concentrations (picograms per cubic meter air). Current technologies are sufficiently sensitive to measure the total Hg present as Hg(II) but cannot determine the chemical speciation of Hg(II). We detail here the development of a soft ionization mass spectrometric technique coupled with preconcentration onto nano- or microparticle-based traps prior to analysis for the measurement of mercury halides in air.

Porous-membrane-protected polyaniline-coated SBA-15 nanocomposite micro-solid-phase extraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of parabens in cosmetic products and wastewater.

A SBA-15/polyaniline para-toluenesulfonic acid nanocomposite supported micro-solid-phase extraction procedure has been developed for the extraction of parabens (methylparaben, ethylparaben, and propylparaben) from wastewater and cosmetic products. The variables of interest in the extraction process were pH of sample, sample and eluent volumes, sorbent amount, salting-out effect, extraction and desorption time, and stirring rate. A Plackett-Burman design was performed for the screening of variables in order to determine the significant variables affecting the extraction efficiency.

Carrier mediated transport solvent bar microextraction for preconcentration and determination of dexamethasone sodium phosphate in biological fluids and bovine milk samples using response surface methodology.

In the current study, a fast and simple preconcentration and sample clean up procedure was developed based on carrier mediated three phase solvent bar liquid phase microextraction (TPSB-LPME) method prior to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with an ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detector for simultaneous extraction and determination of trace amounts of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) in human plasma, human urine and bovine milk. According to this procedure, dexamethasone sodium phosphate was extracted from an acidic aqueous sample (SP, 7.5mL with pH=6) into the organic solvent 1-octanol (containing 5%, w/v of Aliquat-336 as carrier) residing in the pores of a hollow fiber and then back extracted into an alkali receiving phase (RP, 5μL of 0.

Comparison of supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction of fatty acids from quince (Cydonia oblonga Miller) seed using response surface methodology and central composite design.

Fatty acids of Cydonia oblonga Miller cultivated in Iran were obtained by supercritical (carbon dioxide) extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods. The oils were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography using mass spectrometric detections. The compounds were identified according to their retention indices and mass spectra (EI, 70eV).

Central composite design for the optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction of fatty acids from Borago officinalis L. flower.

Unlabelled: In the present study, fatty acids and essential oils of the flower of borage (Borago officinalis L.) were obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction under different conditions. The extracts obtained were compared to oils of borage flower oil isolated by hydrodistillation.

Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as an efficient sample preparation method for determination of 4-nitrotoluene and 3-nitrotoluene in a complex matrix.

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) combined with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) was developed for the extraction and determination of 4-nitrotoluene and 3-nitrotoluene in soil sample. The effects of different SFE experimental parameters on the extraction recovery were studied simultaneously using a central composite design (CCD) after a 2(n-1) fractional factorial experimental design. The variables of interest in SFE were pressure, temperature, modifier volume, and dynamic extraction time.

Simultaneous speciation and preconcentration of ultra traces of inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples by hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy determination.

A simple and effective speciation and preconcentration method based on hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) was developed for simultaneous separation of trace inorganic tellurium and selenium in environmental samples prior to electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS) determination. The method involves the selective extraction of the Te (IV) and Se (IV) species by HF-LPME with the use of ammonium pyrrolidinecarbodithioate (APDC) as the chelating agent. The complex compounds were extracted into 10 microL of toluene and the solutions were injected into a graphite furnace for the determination of Te (IV) and Se (IV).

Effects of relative humidity and CO(g) on the O3-initiated oxidation reaction of Hg0(g): kinetic & product studies.

Ozone is assumed to be the predominant tropospheric oxidant of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0(g)), defining mercury global atmospheric lifetime. In this study we have examined the effects of two atmospherically relevant polar compounds, H2O(g) and CO(g), on the absolute rate coefficient of the O3-initiated oxidation of Hg0(g), at 296 +/- 2 K using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In CO-added experiments, we observed a significant increase in the reaction rate that could be explained by pure gas-phase chemistry.

Biological and chemical redox transformations of mercury in fresh and salt waters of the high arctic during spring and summer.

It is well-established that atmospheric deposition transports Hg to Arctic regions, but the postdepositional dynamics of Hg that can alter its impact on Arctic food chains are less understood. Through a series of in situ experiments, we investigated the redox transformations of Hg in coastal and inland aquatic systems. During spring and summer, Hg reduction in streams and pond waters decreased across a 4-fold increase in salinity.

Product study of the gas-phase BrO-initiated oxidation of Hg0: evidence for stable Hg1+ compounds.

Mercury is a key toxic environmental pollutant, and its speciation affects its bioavailability. BrO radicals have been identified as key oxidants during mercury depletion events observed in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. We report the first experimental product study of BrO-initiated oxidation of elemental mercury at atmospheric pressure of ca.