Urban traffic accidents in Isfahan city: a study of prehospital response time intervals.

Introduction: Traffic accidents are a major public health concern worldwide, resulting in significant injuries, fatalities, and economic costs. In urban zones, traffic accident dynamics can vary significantly due to population density, infrastructure, and emergency response capabilities. The present study was conducted to determine the time intervals of prehospital emergencies in traffic accidents by separating the 15 zones of Isfahan city, Iran.

Evaluation of Emergency Severity Index (ESI) triage quality by nurses and associated factors in Iran.

Introduction: The triage process of patients in emergency departments is done by nurses in Iran. it is necessary to pay attention to the ability of nurses in patients' triage in order to have a correct picture of the status of the emergency department, so the aims of this study is to investigate the quality of nurses' triage using the Emergency Severity Index (ESI) method and related factors.

Materials And Methods: This is a descriptive study which was performed on all 900 patients referring to the emergency department during 12 months from 2019 to 2020 in the Triage unit of two trauma center hospitals affiliated to Isfahan university of medical sciences.

The predictive value of point-of-care ultrasonography versus magnetic resonance imaging in assessing medial meniscal tears in patients with acute knee injury.

Objective: Musculoskeletal ultrasound is increasingly used as the modality of choice in diagnosing many medical situations. The present study aimed to compare the accuracy of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to detect acute medial meniscus tears in knee.

Methods: The prospective study was conducted on patients with suspected medial meniscus tears in knee.

Dexmedetomidine versus propofol: An effective combination with ketamine for adult procedural sedation: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Recently, drug combination protocols have been preferred over single drugs in procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA). This study aimed to compare the effectiveness and hemodynamic profile of ketamine-dexmedetomidine (ketodex) and ketofol as drug combinations with ketamine as a single medication for PSA in the emergency department (ED).

Methods: This prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial was performed among adult patients (≥18 years) requiring PSA for a painful procedure in the ED.

A comparative study of intranasal desmopressin and intranasal ketamine for pain management in renal colic patients: a randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Objective: Urolithiasis is one of the most common urological diseases worldwide, usually presenting as renal colic that leads to severe pain that requires analgesic treatment. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of ketamine and desmopressin in the pain management of renal colic patients.

Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted on renal colic patients referred to the emergency department from June 2021 to July 2022.

Predictive performance of qSOFA in confirmed COVID-19 patients presenting to the emergency department.

Objectives: It is critical to quickly and easily identify coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients who become severely or even critically ill. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the accuracy of the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score in predicting the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective observational study of COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) between June 22, 2021, and November 21, 2021.

Diagnostic Value of Epigastric Ultrasound and Suprasternal Notch Ultrasound in Comparison with Standard Capnography in Confirmation of Endotracheal Tube Placement after Intubation.

Background: Endotracheal intubation is the basic method of providing a safe cross-sectional airway area and the incorrect placement can be dangerous and causes complications. So this study aimed to access the diagnostic value of color Doppler epigastric ultrasound and linear probe suprasternal notch ultrasound in comparison with standard capnography in confirmation of endotracheal tube (ETT) placement after intubation.

Materials And Methods: This diagnostic value study was conducted on 104 patients requiring intubation who were referred to the Emergency Department.

Physiologic Scoring Systems in Predicting the COVID-19 Patients' one-month Mortality; a Prognostic Accuracy Study.

It is critical to quickly and easily identify severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and predict their mortality. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of the physiologic scoring systems in predicting the mortality of COVID-19 patients. : This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on COVID-19 patients admitted to the emergency department (ED).

Point-Of-Care Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Medial Collateral Ligament Tears in Acute Knee Trauma; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: The use of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) for identifying medial collateral ligament (MCL) tears has increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of POCUS in the diagnosis of acute MCL tears of the knee.

Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was performed on patients with suspected MCL tear of the knee in the emergency department (ED).

Differential Diagnosis of Seizure and Syncope by the Means of Biochemical Markers in Emergency Department Patients.

Background: Seizure and syncope have similar clinical symptoms but different etiologies. Hence, differential diagnosis is crucial prior to intervention. This study evaluates the diagnostic importance of neuron specific enolase (NSE), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) for admitting patients with seizure medical history to emergency department (ED) in order for differential diagnosis between syncope and seizure.

D-dimer Levels in Predicting Severity of Infection and Outcome in Patients with COVID-19.

COVID-19 disease began to spread all around the world in December 2019 until now; and in the early stage it may be related to high D-dimer level that indicates coagulation pathways and thrombosis activation that can be affected by some underlying diseases including diabetes, stroke, cancer, and pregnancy and it also can be associated with Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this article was to analyze D-dimer levels in COVID-19 patients, as D-dimer level is one of the measures to detect the severity and outcomes of COVID-19. According to the results of this study, there is a higher level of D-dimer as well as concentrations of fibrinogen in the disease onset and it seems that the poor prognosis is linked to a 3 to 4-fold increase in D-dimer levels.

Role of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) in the diagnosing of acute medial meniscus injury of knee joint.

Background: In recent years, musculoskeletal ultrasound has increasingly become the common method for diagnosis for many medical specialties. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS) as a primary triage tool in the diagnosis of the acute medial meniscus injury of the knee.

Materials And Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on patients with a suspected medial meniscus injury of the knee in the emergency department (ED).

Physiologic Scoring Systems versus Glasgow Coma Scale in Predicting In-Hospital Mortality of Trauma Patients; a Diagnostic Accuracy Study.

Introduction: In recent years, several scoring systems have been developed to assess the severity of trauma and predict the outcome of trauma patients. This study aimed to compare Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) in predicting the in-hospital mortality of trauma patients.

Methods: This diagnostic accuracy study was done on adult patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) between June 21, 2019, and September 21, 2020, following multiple trauma.

Comparison of the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol in reducing recovery agitation in pediatric patients after ketamine procedural sedation in emergency department.

Background: Ketamine has been a safe and effective sedative agent commonly used for painful pediatric procedures in the emergency department (ED). This study aimed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and propofol when used as co-administration with ketamine on recovery agitation in children who underwent procedural sedation.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial, 93 children aged between 3 and 17 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists Class I and II undergoing short procedures in the ED were enrolled and assigned into three equal groups to receive either ketadex (Dex 0.

Topical Lidocaine plus Diclofenac as a Local Anesthetic Agent in Central Venous Catheterization; a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Various methods of analgesia can be used to reduce or prevent procedural pain in emergency department (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of topical lidocaine-diclofenac combination compared to lidocaine-prilocaine combination (Xyla-P) in reduction of the pain during central venous catheter (CVC) insertion.

Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 100 adult patients requiring CVC insertion in the ED were enrolled.

A Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study on Prehospital Stroke Screening Scales.

Background: Stroke is one of the most common debilitating diseases. Although effective treatment is available, a golden time has been defined in this regard. Therefore, prompt action is needed to identify patients with stroke as soon as possible, even in the pre-hospital stage.

The Role of Cardiac Arrest Sonographic Exam (CASE) in Predicting the Outcome of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation; a Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Ultrasonography (US) has been suggested as an integral part of resuscitation to identify potentially reversible causes of cardiac arrest (CA). This study aimed to evaluate the association between cardiac activity on ultrasonography during resuscitation and outcome of patients with non-shockable rhythms.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational study on adult patients presenting with CA or experiencing CA in the emergency department (ED), and initial non-shockable rhythm.

Evaluation of the effect of shift cycle time on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: Considering the potential role of shift cycle time on chest compression quality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the available contradictory results in this regard, the present study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1-min versus 2-min shift cycle time on the quality of CPR.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized crossover study, 80 rescuers performed CPR on a manikin in two scenarios with a rotation of 1 and 2-min cycles. The quality of CPR was evaluated and compared based on the information obtained regarding the chest compression depth, recoil, and rate of chest compression.

A comparative study of dexmedetomidine and propofol to prevent recovery agitation in adults undergoing procedural sedation with ketamine: A randomized double-blind clinical trial.

Background: The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine and propofol on ketamine-induced recovery agitation in adults when used as co-administration with ketamine.

Methods: In this prospective, randomized, and double-blind clinical trial, 93 patients aged 18 years or older who were candidates for painful procedures in the emergency department (ED) were enrolled and assigned into three equal groups to receive either ketadex (dexmedetomidine 0.7 μg/kg and ketamine 1 mg/kg), ketofol (propofol 0.

Comparing the Effect of Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and Infiltrative Lidocaine on Overall Pain Perception During Thoracentesis and Abdominocentesis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Acute pain management is a core ethical commitment to medical practice. However, there is evidence to suggest that sometimes infiltrative lidocaine (IL) is not used prior to thoracentesis and abdominocentesis due to the belief that two needles cause greater pain than one. However, topical anesthetics like lidocaine-prilocaine cream (LPC) are painless, easy to use, and have less systemic side effects.

Topical ketamine as a local anesthetic agent in reducing venipuncture pain: A randomized controlled trial.

Aim: Pain control is an important aspect of ED patient management, and there are many different protocols used around the world influenced by both availability of local resources as well as staff competency and experience. This study aims to evaluate the use of topical ketamine in acute pain reduction by directly comparing it to lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream.

Materials And Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 300 adult patients classified as level 4 or 5 by ESI triage system were enrolled.

Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for diagnosis of elbow fractures in children.

Background: Elbow injuries and fractures are a common pathology in the pediatric emergency unit. X-ray and CT scan of the elbow are the standard diagnostic procedures, which increase exposure to radiation in children. Previous studies have shown that fractures can also be visualized by ultrasound (US); thus, this study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of elbow US compared with radiography for the diagnosis of elbow fracture in children.

Comparing Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine versus Midazolam for Sedation of Children While Undergoing Computerized Tomography Imaging.

Background: Pediatric anxiety and restlessness may create issues and difficulties in performing accurate diagnostic studies even noninvasive ones, such as radiological imaging. There are some agents that will help to get this goal. This study aimed to compare the intranasal effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) and midazolam (MID) for sedation parameters of children undergoing computerized tomography (CT) imaging.