Frequency of Salmonella serotypes among children in Iran: antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and virulence genes.

Background/significance: Salmonella gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity among pediatric patients, mainly in developing world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Concurrently, data from MENA countries like Iran, regarding prevalence of Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm production is scarce.

Material & Methods: Slide agglutination was used to determine the serogroup of 140 Salmonella isolates recovered from 4477 stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis, and isolates were serotyped by PCR assay.

Multiplex detection of five common respiratory pathogens from bronchoalveolar lavages using high resolution melting curve analysis.

Background: The study describes the application of the multiplex high-resolution melting curve (MHRM) assay for the simultaneous detection of five common bacterial pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli) directly from bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

Results: Our MHRM assay successfully identified all five respiratory pathogens in less than 5 h, with five separate melting curves with specific melt peak temperatures (Tm). The different Tm were characterized by peaks of 78.

A trivalent vaccine consisting of "flagellin A+B and pilin" protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a murine burn model.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common nosocomial pathogen in burn patients, and rapidly achieves antibiotic resistance, and thus, developing an effective vaccine is critically important for combating P. aeruginosa infection. Flagella and pili play important roles in colonization of P.

Strategies to eradicate HIV from infected patients: elimination of latent provirus reservoirs.

35 years since identification of HIV as the causative agent of AIDS, and 35 million deaths associated with this disease, significant effort is now directed towards the development of potential cures. Current anti-retroviral (ART) therapies for HIV/AIDS can suppress virus replication to undetectable levels, and infected individuals can live symptom free so long as treatment is maintained. However, removal of therapy allows rapid re-emergence of virus from a highly stable reservoir of latently infected cells that exist as a barrier to elimination of the infection with current ART.

Molecular characterization of the glycoprotein and fusion protein in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A: Emergence of ON-1 genotype in Iran.

HRSV is a principle cause of infant hospitalization, childhood wheezing and a common pathogen in the elderly. Limited information exists regarding HRSV genotypes in Iran. In order to better understand HRSV strain diversity, we performed an in-depth evaluation of the genetic variability of the HRSV F protein detected in children under two years of age that, presented with acute respiratory symptoms during 2015-2016 in Tehran.

Association of virulence gene expression with colistin-resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii: analysis of genotype, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm formation.

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii causes difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections, which often lead to morbidity due to the development of antimicrobial drug resistance and expression of virulence genes. Data regarding the association of resistance to colistin, a last treatment option, and the virulence gene expression of A. baumannii is scarce.

Immunization with Bivalent Flagellin Protects Mice against Fatal Pneumonia.

lung infections present a major challenge to healthcare systems worldwide because they are commonly associated with high morbidity and mortality. Here, we demonstrate the protective efficacy of type a and b flagellins (bivalent flagellin) against acute fatal pneumonia in mice. Mice immunized intranasally with a bivalent flagellin vaccine were challenged by different flagellated strains of in an acute pneumonia model.

Protective effect of pilin protein with alum+naloxone adjuvant against acute pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic human pathogen that causes a wide variety of severe nosocomial infections. Type IV pili of P. aeruginosa are made up of polymerized pilin that aids in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation and twitching motility.

Flagellin and pilin immunization against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa protects mice in the burn wound sepsis model.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a formidable pathogen and a major threat to burn patients. Antimicrobial therapy is often unsuccessful because P. aeruginosa can develop multi-drug resistance; thus, immunotherapy and vaccine can be a rational alternative.

Immunogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa recombinant b-type fagellin as a vaccine candidate: Protective efficacy in a murine burn wound sepsis model.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a formidable opportunistic pathogen among patients with burn wound infections. Antimicrobial therapy is often unsuccessful because PA can develop multi-drug resistance; thus, immunotherapy can be a rational alternative. The goal of this study was to evaluate the immunogenicity recombinant type b flagellin (r-b-flagellin) as a potential vaccine against P.

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type a and b flagellin vaccines in a burned mouse model.

Immunogenicity and efficacy of Pseudomonas aeruginosa type a and b flagellins (hereafter, flagellins) as candidate vaccines were evaluated using an experimental burned mouse model. The protection afforded and the reduction in bacterial burden achieved by these vaccine candidates were determined. Primary immunization with flagellins followed by two booster shots generated a robust immune response.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to Imipenem in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Imipenem-resistant multi-drug resistant (IR-MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii has been emerged as a morbidity successful nosocomial pathogen throughout the world.To address imipenem being yet the most effective antimicrobial agent against A. baumannii to control outbreaks and treat patients, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the prevalence of IR-MDR A.

HIV Provirus Stably Reproduces Parental Latent and Induced Transcription Phenotypes Regardless of the Chromosomal Integration Site.

Unlabelled: Understanding the mechanisms of HIV proviral latency is essential for development of a means to eradicate infection and achieve a cure. We have previously described an in vitro latency model that reliably identifies HIV expression phenotypes of infected cells using a dual-fluorescence reporter virus. Our results have demonstrated that ∼50% of infected cells establish latency immediately upon integration of provirus, a phenomenon termed early latency, which appears to occur by mechanisms that are distinct from epigenetic silencing observed with HIV provirus that establishes productive infections.

Genotypic and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Analysis of is Aba Elements and bla OXA-23-like Genes Including a New Variant.

Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-AB) causes serious nosocomial infections, especially in ICU wards of hospitals, worldwide. Expression of bla OXA genes is the chief mechanism of conferring carbapenem resistance among CR-AB. Although some bla OXA genes have been studied among CR-AB isolates from Iran, their bla OXA-23-like genes have not been investigated.

Wide distribution of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in burns patients in Iran.

Antimicrobial resistance in carbapenem non-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii (CNSAb) is a major public health concern globally. This study determined the antibiotic resistance and molecular epidemiology of CNSAb isolates from a referral burn center in Tehran, Iran. Sixty-nine CNSAb isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents using the E test methodology.

Antibiotic Resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran: A Systemic Review of the Published Literature.

Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii is a bacterium responsible for health care-associated infections, and it frequently develops multiple drug resistance (MDR). The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii in Iran has increased, and this may cause significant clinical problems.

In vitro evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of nanosilver-mineral trioxide aggregate against frequent anaerobic oral pathogens by a membrane-enclosed immersion test.

Background: Nanoparticles of silver (NanoAg) have been shown to control the growth of bacteria, but application of NanoAg in endodontics has not been evaluated. This in vitro study evaluates the antimicrobial activity of NanoAg to enhance the inhibitory effects of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).

Methods: The antibacterial activities of NanoAg and NanoAg-MTA against four types of anaerobic pathogens were tested in vitro using (1) agar diffusion test (ADT) and (2) a newly devised membrane-enclosed immersion test (MEIT).

Multidrug resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Iran: changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and genotypic profile.

Background And Aim: Widespread multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) strains have limited therapeutic options for treating intensive care unit (ICU) patients with MDR-AB infection in Iran. We aimed to evaluate MDR-AB diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility in Tehran (Iran) to address the need for feasible and effective control approaches against severe MDR-AB infections.

Methods: We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations to compare genotypic diversity and susceptibility patterns of 100 MDR-AB isolates from ICU patients in two medical centers in Tehran (Iran), from 2006 to 2011.

Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in women with cervicitis in Tehran, Iran.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is the most common cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, but current data concerning the prevalence of CT among women in Iran is scarce. Data regarding the frequency of CT infection among Iranian women can help to justify the implementation of a national CT screening program that can reduce the high morbidity associated with sequelae of CT infections by treating infected women. Endocervical secretions from 123 married women (20-55 years) with cervicitis were tested by a PCR-EIA method using primers to amplify a CT-specific plasmid.

Frequency of isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria isolated from bloodstream infections at Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran, 1996-2000.

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of major bloodstream pathogens from Iran provide essential information regarding the selection of antibiotic therapy for patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) living in Iran. Unfortunately, data regarding the isolation frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of endemic BSI pathogens are scarce in Iran. To shed some light on the susceptibility patterns of BSI pathogens endemic to Tehran, Iran, we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of 2248 bloodstream isolates from patients in Children's Medical Center (CMC) Hospital in Tehran between January 1996 and December 2000.

HIV-inducing factor in cervicovaginal secretions is associated with bacterial vaginosis in HIV-1-infected women.

Objective: Certain cervicovaginal lavage (CVL) fluid samples obtained from HIV-1-infected and uninfected women stimulate in vitro HIV-1 replication. This activity, HIV-inducing factor (HIF), changes when CVL fluid is heated. We sought to confirm a previous observation that HIF was associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV).